organics Flashcards

Question

alkene to alcohol

Answer 1

H3PO4 catalyst , H20 (g) , 300 degrees C

Answer 2

MR desired product / MR all reactants X100 alternative = mass desired /mass all products X100

Answer 3

-structural : chain, positional, functional -stereoisomers: cis and trans and enantiomers

Answer 4

-atoms arranged in different order -different physical and chemical properties if the contain different functional groups

Answer 5

atoms connected by same order but orientated differently in space

Answer 6

different branching in carbon chain

Answer 7

different positions of functional group

Answer 8

same atoms but different functional groups

Answer 9

- formed when two different groups on each of C atoms in C-C double bond -cis = both groups on same side of double bond -trans=groups on different sides of double bonds

Answer 10

enantiomers

Answer 11

- different placement of groups around 1 atom in a molecule - look identical -are chiral - mirror images and non-superimposable

Answer 12

-asymmetric carbon atom or chiral centre - non superimposable on mirror image - not symmetrical - has a chiral centre

Answer 13

chiral carbon atom is bonded to 4 different atoms or groups

Answer 14

2^n - for every cc there are 2 enantiomers

Answer 15

hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole , dispersion

Answer 16

Because heptane is a much larger molecule(C7H16) than ethane(C2H6) it has significantly more dispersion forces acting between its molecules. This means that there is greater electrostatic attraction between heptane molecules than ethane. Hence more energy is required to disrupt the bonds between heptane molecules than ethane, leading to a higher boiling point.

Answer 17

Because decane has a linear arrangement compared to the branched structure of 4‐ethyl‐2,3‐dimethylhexane, its molecules are able to align/pack more effectively. This means that there is greater electrostatic attraction between decane molecules. Hence more energy is required to disrupt the bonds between decane molecules than 4‐ethyl‐2,3‐dimethylhexane, leading to a higher boiling point.

Answer 18

The presence of the C=C inhept‐1‐ene means that there is a slight kink in the chain around the C=C double bond. This means that the hept‐1‐ene molecules don’t pack as closely together as the heptane molecules. Hence more energy is required to disrupt the bonds between heptane than hept‐1‐ene molecules, resulting in a higher boiling point.

Answer 19

Ethanol and ethanal are similar sized molecules with similar levels of dispersion forces between molecules. However, ethanol contains an–OH group which is capable of forming hydrogen bonds with other OHgroups of other ethanol molecules. Ethanal is not able to form H‐bonds between its’ molecules, only dipole‐dipole interactions are able to occur. This is because there is much lower difference in electronegativity between C and O of the carbonyl group of the aldehyde than there is between the O and the H of ethanol.

Answer 20

measure of resistance to flow of a liquid - affected by intermolecular forces and shaoes

Answer 21

Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which the vapours of a liquid will ignite in the presence of oxygen and an ignition source

Answer 22

Leucine is a slightly larger molecule which means it will have more dispersion forces but because the R group section is non‐polar it will not form any significant attraction to water molecules. On the other hand, aspartic acid’s R group contains a shorter non‐polar region and a carboxyl group capable of forming H‐bonds with water. Hence aspartic acid will show more solubility in water.

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organics Flashcards

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