fuels and energy from fuels Flashcards

1
Q

fossil fuel

A

a natural fuel that is formed in the earth from plant or animal remains

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2
Q

coal

A

combustible fossil fuel formed from partial decay of plant matter

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3
Q

petrodiesel

A

liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel obtained from crude oil

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4
Q

greenhouse gas

A

process of warming the earths lower atmosphere due to the increase emmissions of gases in the air

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5
Q

fuel

A

a substance that burns in air or oxygen to produce a useable amount of energy

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6
Q

fossil fuel examples

A

methane, CSG, liquid petroleum gas, diesel, petrodiesel

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7
Q

biofuel examples

A

biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas

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8
Q

safety implication of fuels

A

because fuels have low BP low flashpoint and high flammability then easily combust - must ensure it is a well ventilated area, safety equipment including extinguisher and fire blankets , away from naked flames

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9
Q

bonding and properties

A

structure - bonding intermolecular- properties -uses

  • properties take into account of size of molecule and type in intermolecular bonds - increase size increase dispersion forces
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10
Q

flashpoint

A

temperature at which a particular organic compound gives off sufficient vapour to ignite in air - smaller hydrocarbons have weaker interm. bonds and have lower flashpoints and are more flammable

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11
Q

flammability

A

a flammable liquid is any liquid with a flashpoint below 37.8 celsius - ignite and burn easily at lower temps - vaporisation rate increases as temp increases

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12
Q

renewable fuels

A

they are fuels which can be replenished at a similar rate to which they are consumed - often involves breakdown of plant and animal materials
-can be grown quickly and harnessed as fuel
-eg - biogas biodiesel and bioethanol

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13
Q

non renewable fuels

A

fueal that are not replenished and used at similar rates –> finite / limited
-eg - methane , fossil fuels etc.

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14
Q

renewable energy sources

A

produced faster than used
- eg solar energy , hydro electricity, tidal and wave power, wind turbines , biofuels etc.

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15
Q

non renewable energy sources

A

those used up faster than they are produced
- eg nuclear energy stores and fossil fuels

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16
Q

biofuels

A
  • made from plant matter –> renewable
  • biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol
17
Q

how are biofuels relatively carbon neutral?

A

plants will undergo photosynthesis and they will absorb the carbon dioxide from atmosphere - the plant matter is converted to biofuel and undergoes combustion - this reduces CO2 net emissions and has a more positive impact on the environment.

18
Q

biogas

A

a mixture of gases produced by breakdown of organic matter ( algae, crops, wood etc)
- broken down by bacteria into the gas (anaerobic)

19
Q

biogas process of production

A

natural breakdown - funnel roof placed above decomposing materials and piped the biogas into the storage (basic production)

20
Q

via digester biogas

A

structured apparatus with cylinder containing plant material - more controlled , efficient, less emissions + more expensive to maintain

21
Q

bioethanol

A

produced by the fermentation of glucose in organic matter by the mocroorganism yeast (wheat,corn and sugarcane)

22
Q

ethanol production

A

glucose –> (bacteria over the arrow) ethanol + carbon dioxide

23
Q

biodiesel

A

produced by esterification of fats from animal products and oils from crops ( include canola and palm oil etc. which contain tiglycerides)
- the tri. have 3 fatty acids and a glycerol joint with an ester link
- producing biodiesel from triglycerides and alcohol (often methanol) will be in a tranesterifcation reaction to form methyl ester and glycerol

24
Q

biodiesel being produced by fatty acids

A

fatty acid + methanol -> fatty acid methyl estert ( biodiesel) + water

25
Q

how to tell a molecule is a component of biodiesel

A

methyl group joined by the ester link

26
Q

energy calculation

A

E =n times delta H

27
Q

LPG advantage and disadvantage

A
    • low costs, easily separated, relatively high energy content
  • _ non renewable and polluting
28
Q

petrol pros and cons

A

+ high energy content and ease of transport
- non renewable , polluting and limited reserves

29
Q

coal pros and cons

A

+ large reserves and high energy content
- non renewable , large emissions, hard to transport

30
Q

natural gas pros and cons

A

+ more efficient than coal for electricity, easy to transport , high energy content
- polluing less than coal and petrol , nonrenewable , limited

31
Q

main functional group in biodiesel

A

methyl ester

32
Q

biodiesel vs petrodiesel

A

biodiesel - higher visocsity , more hygroscopic , renewable , produces less energy, higher MP, lower net emissions , biodegradable, requires land and water
- opposites for petrodiesel

33
Q

hygroscopic

A

the ability to absorb water