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Voice Disorders Exam 1 > Organic Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Organic Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics referring to “Organic” (2)

A

1.Purely organic 2.Typically abnormal anatomy, tissue changes

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2
Q

Characteristics referring to “Functional” (3)

A

1.May be wholly functional 2.May have organic factors 3.Typically normal anatomy

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3
Q

Functional misuse may lead to ____

A

Organic changes; due to hyperfunction

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4
Q

Examples of functional misuse (3)

A

1.inadequate breath support 2.hard glottal attack 3.supraglottal squeeze

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5
Q

Organic Classifications (4)

A

1.Congenital 2.Misuse/Abuse 3.Disease 4.Trauma

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6
Q

Example of “Congenital”

A

web, laryngomalacia

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7
Q

Example of “Misuse/Abuse”

A

Lifestyle–reflux (diet), Reinke’s edema (smoking), personality (nodules)

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8
Q

What personality characteristic is typical for vocal fold nodules (additional notes)

A

Social and Outgoing

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9
Q

Example of “Trauma”

A

Cartilage dislocation (car accident, other accidents)

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10
Q

Organic Disorders (14)

A 
Nodules, Polyps, Cysts
Papilloma, Granuloma, Contact Ulcer
Sulcus Vocalis, Congenital, Web
Hemorrhage, Laryngitis, Reinke's edema
Leukoplakia, Cancer
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11
Q

What are vocal fold nodule(s)?

A

Benign mass(es) on medial vf suface(s)

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12
Q

Etiologies of vocal fold nodule(s)

A

Misuse/Abuse

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13
Q

Signs/Symptoms of vocal fold nodule(s) (10)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Increased vocal effort
  4. Vocal fatigue/strain
  5. VF edema (swelling)
  6. Loss of upper range
  7. Hourglass closure
  8. Decreased VF vibration
  9. “strong” personality
  10. Hearing loss
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14
Q

What is a polyp?

A

Generally soft mass, usually unilateral

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15
Q

Etiologies of polyp

A

Misuse/Abuse

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16
Q

What are the types of polyps? (3)

A

1.Fibrous (sessile) 2.Hemorrhagic (reddish look) 3.Pedunculated (has a stem attached to VF and then polyp moves around)

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17
Q

Signs/Symptoms of polyp (8)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Increased vocal effort
  4. Vocal fatigue/strain
  5. VF edema (reactive swelling)
  6. Throat clearing
  7. Breating problems (depending on size)
  8. Voice variability (especially if pedunculated)
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18
Q

T/F VF edema usually is on the opposite side of where a polyp is hitting

A

True

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19
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Benign opaque mass originating below VF surface

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20
Q

T/F A cyst cannot pop on VFs

A

False; A cyst may pop when screaming

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21
Q

Etiologies of VF cysts

A

1.Entrapment of VF lining (under the lining) 2.Plugged mucous-secreting gland 3.Vocal misuse/abuse

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22
Q

What is the most common etiology of VF cysts?

A

Vocal misuse/abuse

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23
Q

Signs/Symptoms of VF cysts (6)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Increased vocal effort
  4. Vocal fatigue/strain
  5. VF edema (reactive swelling)
  6. Throat clearing
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24
Q

What is a “laryngocele”?

A

cyst in laryngeal cavity

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25
Q

In what VF layer can we find VF cysts? (additional notes)

A

Cysts can be found in any layer but they are typically in the epithelium

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26
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)

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27
Q

Etiologies of papilloma (3)

A

1.Acquired at birth 2.Oral sex 3.Unknown

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28
Q

Signs/Symptoms of papilloma

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough/Scratchy voice
  3. Cough/Throat clear
  4. Globus sensation
  5. Breating problems
  6. Decreased VF vibration
  7. Scarring (recurrent)
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29
Q

There are more than __ strains of HPV that cause laryngeal papillomatosis

A

60

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30
Q

What is a granuloma

A

Benign growth on vocal process

31
Q

Etiologies of granuloma (2)

A

1.LPR 2.Intubation (surgery, coma)

32
Q

What can cause LPR?

A

Diet=1.Soda 2.Tomatoes 3.Chocolate 4.Citrus 5.Spicy foods 6.High Fat 7.Caffeine 8.Alcohol 9.Dehydration

Lifestyle=1.Smoking 2.Eating too late 3.Eating too much at once 4.Exercising too soon 5.Being overweight

33
Q

Signs/Symptoms of granuloma (7)

A
  1. Globus sensation
  2. Heartburn/indigestion (reflux-type)
  3. Excessive throat clearing
  4. Dry Cough
  5. Post-nasal drip
  6. Breathing problems (size-dependent)
  7. May be pedunculated
34
Q

What is a contact ulcer?

A

Raw sores on mucous membrane overlying vocal process of arytenoid

35
Q

Etiologies of contact ulcers (4)

A
  1. LPR
  2. Intubation
  3. Smoking
  4. Misuse/Abuse
36
Q

Signs/Symptoms of contact ulcers

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Globus Sensation
  3. Mild pain when voicing or swallowing
  4. Throat clearing
  5. Erythema (redness of membrane)
37
Q

Granulomas always are on ____ (additional notes)

A

vocal processes

38
Q

T/F Granulomas may start out as contact ulcers (additional notes)

A

True

39
Q

What is sulcus vocalis?

A

Thinning or absense of superficial lamina propria “ditch”; rare

40
Q

Etiologies of sulcus vocalis

A

unknown– developmental? genetic? post hemorrhage/cyst?

41
Q

Signs/Symptoms of sulcus vocalis

A
  1. May not have voice problems
  2. Harsh voice
  3. Hoarseness
  4. Higher pitch
  5. Abnormal VF vibration
42
Q

T/F Sulcus vocalis can be seen in children

A

False; Never seen in children

43
Q

Congenital Organic Voice Disorders (4)

A
  1. Laryngomalacia
  2. Subglottal stenosis
  3. Esophageal atresia
  4. Tracheoesophageal fistula
44
Q

What is laryngomalacia? (4)

A
  1. Cartilages fail to stiffen
  2. Collapse of epiglottis into airway
  3. Stridor
  4. May outgrow
45
Q

What is subglottal stenosis and how can it occur?

A

Narrow subglottal space; May occur due to arrested development of cricoid cartilage or intubation trauma (especially in babies)

46
Q

What is an esophageal atresia?

A

Occlusion of esophagus

47
Q

What is tracheoesophageal fistula and what may it co-occur with?

A

Openings between trachea and esophagus; Esophogeal pouch

48
Q

What is a web?

A

Web tissue across larynx, usually anterior

49
Q

Etiologies of web (2)

A

1.Congenital 2.Post-surgical

50
Q

Signs/Symptoms of web

A
  1. May not have voice problems
  2. Usually no problems breathing
  3. Mitomycin C is deterrent
51
Q

T/F Webs may occur during “rest phase” after VF surgery. (additional notes)

A

True; Patients don’t allow tissue to heal and then they grow together creating a web

52
Q

T/F Anterior webs are very rare

A

False; Posterior webs are very rare

53
Q

What is hemorrhage?

A

Bleeding into superficial lamina propria

54
Q

Etiologies of hemorrhage (2)

A
  1. Misuse/Abuse

2. Medications (Coumadin, aspirin)

55
Q

Signs/Symptoms of hemorrhage

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. VF erythema (redness)
  3. VF edema
  4. Decreased VF vibration
  5. Loss of pitch range
  6. Varix (varices) “blood spots”
56
Q

What is a varix?

A

Blood spot or blood vessel on VF

57
Q

Blood vessels coming to surface may be called ____ (additional notes)

A

Vascularity (more than one/many blood spots)

58
Q

What is laryngitis?

A

Inflammation of vocal folds

59
Q

Etiologies of laryngitis? (3)

A
  1. Infection (strep throat)
  2. LPR
  3. Allergies
60
Q

Signs/Symptoms of laryngitis (6)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Sore throat
  3. Cough
  4. Fever
  5. VF edema
  6. Erythema
61
Q

Reinke’s Edema can also be called ____

A

Polypoid corditis

62
Q

What is Reinke’s Edema?

A

Swelling of entire superficial lamina propria (Reinke’s layer)

63
Q

Etiologies of Reinke’s Edema (1)

A

Smoking

64
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Reinke’s Edema (4)

A
  1. Gravelly voice
  2. Low pitch
  3. VF edema
  4. Impaired breathing
65
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

Precancerous/cancerous white patches/growths on epithelium

66
Q

Etiologies of leukoplakia? (2)

A
  1. Smoking

2. Chemical Exposure

67
Q

Signs/Symptoms of leukoplakia (3)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Decreased VF vibration
  3. VF edema
68
Q

Less than __% of patients with leukoplakia is due to chemical inhalation (additional notes)

A

10%

69
Q

Types of cancer (3)

A
  1. Glottic (larynx-vocal folds)
  2. Supraglottic
  3. Subglottic (trachea); rare
70
Q

Etiologies of cancer (3)

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Heavy alcohol consumption
  3. Asbestos or chemical exposure
71
Q

Signs/Symptoms of cancer (5)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Pain (stabbing and can localize)
  4. Strain
  5. Difficulty/pain swallowing
72
Q

Smokers ___ chances of cancer with heavy alcohol consumption (additional notes)

A

triple

73
Q

Etiologies of laryngeal trauma (3)

A
  1. Hit in the neck
  2. Weight lifting
  3. Foreign bodies

Voice Disorders Exam 1 (5 decks)

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