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Voice Disorders Exam 1 > Organic Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Organic Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics referring to “Organic” (2)

A

1.Purely organic 2.Typically abnormal anatomy, tissue changes

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2
Q

Characteristics referring to “Functional” (3)

A

1.May be wholly functional 2.May have organic factors 3.Typically normal anatomy

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3
Q

Functional misuse may lead to ____

A

Organic changes; due to hyperfunction

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4
Q

Examples of functional misuse (3)

A

1.inadequate breath support 2.hard glottal attack 3.supraglottal squeeze

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5
Q

Organic Classifications (4)

A

1.Congenital 2.Misuse/Abuse 3.Disease 4.Trauma

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6
Q

Example of “Congenital”

A

web, laryngomalacia

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7
Q

Example of “Misuse/Abuse”

A

Lifestyle–reflux (diet), Reinke’s edema (smoking), personality (nodules)

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8
Q

What personality characteristic is typical for vocal fold nodules (additional notes)

A

Social and Outgoing

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9
Q

Example of “Trauma”

A

Cartilage dislocation (car accident, other accidents)

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10
Q

Organic Disorders (14)

A 
Nodules, Polyps, Cysts
Papilloma, Granuloma, Contact Ulcer
Sulcus Vocalis, Congenital, Web
Hemorrhage, Laryngitis, Reinke's edema
Leukoplakia, Cancer
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11
Q

What are vocal fold nodule(s)?

A

Benign mass(es) on medial vf suface(s)

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12
Q

Etiologies of vocal fold nodule(s)

A

Misuse/Abuse

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13
Q

Signs/Symptoms of vocal fold nodule(s) (10)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Increased vocal effort
  4. Vocal fatigue/strain
  5. VF edema (swelling)
  6. Loss of upper range
  7. Hourglass closure
  8. Decreased VF vibration
  9. “strong” personality
  10. Hearing loss
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14
Q

What is a polyp?

A

Generally soft mass, usually unilateral

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15
Q

Etiologies of polyp

A

Misuse/Abuse

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16
Q

What are the types of polyps? (3)

A

1.Fibrous (sessile) 2.Hemorrhagic (reddish look) 3.Pedunculated (has a stem attached to VF and then polyp moves around)

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17
Q

Signs/Symptoms of polyp (8)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Increased vocal effort
  4. Vocal fatigue/strain
  5. VF edema (reactive swelling)
  6. Throat clearing
  7. Breating problems (depending on size)
  8. Voice variability (especially if pedunculated)
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18
Q

T/F VF edema usually is on the opposite side of where a polyp is hitting

A

True

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19
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Benign opaque mass originating below VF surface

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20
Q

T/F A cyst cannot pop on VFs

A

False; A cyst may pop when screaming

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21
Q

Etiologies of VF cysts

A

1.Entrapment of VF lining (under the lining) 2.Plugged mucous-secreting gland 3.Vocal misuse/abuse

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22
Q

What is the most common etiology of VF cysts?

A

Vocal misuse/abuse

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23
Q

Signs/Symptoms of VF cysts (6)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Rough Voice
  3. Increased vocal effort
  4. Vocal fatigue/strain
  5. VF edema (reactive swelling)
  6. Throat clearing
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24
Q

What is a “laryngocele”?

A

cyst in laryngeal cavity

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25
In what VF layer can we find VF cysts? (additional notes)
Cysts can be found in any layer but they are typically in the epithelium
26
What is a papilloma?
HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)
27
Etiologies of papilloma (3)
1.Acquired at birth 2.Oral sex 3.Unknown
28
Signs/Symptoms of papilloma
1. Hoarseness 2. Rough/Scratchy voice 3. Cough/Throat clear 4. Globus sensation 5. Breating problems 6. Decreased VF vibration 7. Scarring (recurrent)
29
There are more than __ strains of HPV that cause laryngeal papillomatosis
60
30
What is a granuloma
Benign growth on vocal process
31
Etiologies of granuloma (2)
1.LPR 2.Intubation (surgery, coma)
32
What can cause LPR?
Diet=1.Soda 2.Tomatoes 3.Chocolate 4.Citrus 5.Spicy foods 6.High Fat 7.Caffeine 8.Alcohol 9.Dehydration Lifestyle=1.Smoking 2.Eating too late 3.Eating too much at once 4.Exercising too soon 5.Being overweight
33
Signs/Symptoms of granuloma (7)
1. Globus sensation 2. Heartburn/indigestion (reflux-type) 3. Excessive throat clearing 4. Dry Cough 5. Post-nasal drip 6. Breathing problems (size-dependent) 7. May be pedunculated
34
What is a contact ulcer?
Raw sores on mucous membrane overlying vocal process of arytenoid
35
Etiologies of contact ulcers (4)
1. LPR 2. Intubation 3. Smoking 4. Misuse/Abuse
36
Signs/Symptoms of contact ulcers
1. Hoarseness 2. Globus Sensation 3. Mild pain when voicing or swallowing 4. Throat clearing 5. Erythema (redness of membrane)
37
Granulomas always are on ____ (additional notes)
vocal processes
38
T/F Granulomas may start out as contact ulcers (additional notes)
True
39
What is sulcus vocalis?
Thinning or absense of superficial lamina propria "ditch"; rare
40
Etiologies of sulcus vocalis
unknown-- developmental? genetic? post hemorrhage/cyst?
41
Signs/Symptoms of sulcus vocalis
1. May not have voice problems 2. Harsh voice 3. Hoarseness 4. Higher pitch 5. Abnormal VF vibration
42
T/F Sulcus vocalis can be seen in children
False; Never seen in children
43
Congenital Organic Voice Disorders (4)
1. Laryngomalacia 2. Subglottal stenosis 3. Esophageal atresia 4. Tracheoesophageal fistula
44
What is laryngomalacia? (4)
1. Cartilages fail to stiffen 2. Collapse of epiglottis into airway 3. Stridor 4. May outgrow
45
What is subglottal stenosis and how can it occur?
Narrow subglottal space; May occur due to arrested development of cricoid cartilage or intubation trauma (especially in babies)
46
What is an esophageal atresia?
Occlusion of esophagus
47
What is tracheoesophageal fistula and what may it co-occur with?
Openings between trachea and esophagus; Esophogeal pouch
48
What is a web?
Web tissue across larynx, usually anterior
49
Etiologies of web (2)
1.Congenital 2.Post-surgical
50
Signs/Symptoms of web
1. May not have voice problems 2. Usually no problems breathing 3. Mitomycin C is deterrent
51
T/F Webs may occur during "rest phase" after VF surgery. (additional notes)
True; Patients don't allow tissue to heal and then they grow together creating a web
52
T/F Anterior webs are very rare
False; Posterior webs are very rare
53
What is hemorrhage?
Bleeding into superficial lamina propria
54
Etiologies of hemorrhage (2)
1. Misuse/Abuse | 2. Medications (Coumadin, aspirin)
55
Signs/Symptoms of hemorrhage
1. Hoarseness 2. VF erythema (redness) 3. VF edema 4. Decreased VF vibration 5. Loss of pitch range 6. Varix (varices) "blood spots"
56
What is a varix?
Blood spot or blood vessel on VF
57
Blood vessels coming to surface may be called ____ (additional notes)
Vascularity (more than one/many blood spots)
58
What is laryngitis?
Inflammation of vocal folds
59
Etiologies of laryngitis? (3)
1. Infection (strep throat) 2. LPR 3. Allergies
60
Signs/Symptoms of laryngitis (6)
1. Hoarseness 2. Sore throat 3. Cough 4. Fever 5. VF edema 6. Erythema
61
Reinke's Edema can also be called ____
Polypoid corditis
62
What is Reinke's Edema?
Swelling of entire superficial lamina propria (Reinke's layer)
63
Etiologies of Reinke's Edema (1)
Smoking
64
Signs/Symptoms of Reinke's Edema (4)
1. Gravelly voice 2. Low pitch 3. VF edema 4. Impaired breathing
65
What is leukoplakia?
Precancerous/cancerous white patches/growths on epithelium
66
Etiologies of leukoplakia? (2)
1. Smoking | 2. Chemical Exposure
67
Signs/Symptoms of leukoplakia (3)
1. Hoarseness 2. Decreased VF vibration 3. VF edema
68
Less than __% of patients with leukoplakia is due to chemical inhalation (additional notes)
10%
69
Types of cancer (3)
1. Glottic (larynx-vocal folds) 2. Supraglottic 3. Subglottic (trachea); rare
70
Etiologies of cancer (3)
1. Smoking 2. Heavy alcohol consumption 3. Asbestos or chemical exposure
71
Signs/Symptoms of cancer (5)
1. Hoarseness 2. Rough Voice 3. Pain (stabbing and can localize) 4. Strain 5. Difficulty/pain swallowing
72
Smokers ___ chances of cancer with heavy alcohol consumption (additional notes)
triple
73
Etiologies of laryngeal trauma (3)
1. Hit in the neck 2. Weight lifting 3. Foreign bodies

Voice Disorders Exam 1 (5 decks)

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