Functional Voice Disorders

Question 1

Functional voice disorders are characterized by___? (4)

Answer 1

1.Tension 2.Hyperfunction 3.Larynx “riding high” 4.Anxiety

THLA

Question 2

__% of dysphonia cases are related to functional voice disorders

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

T/F Functional voice disorders occur predominantly in men

Answer 3

False; Women

Question 4

Functional voice disorders may be caused by ___ (5)

Answer 4

1.URI (Upper Respiratory Infection) 2.Stressful/Traumatic event 3.Psychosocial (mood, anxiety, adjustment) 4.Organic 5.Idiopathic
(USPOI)

Question 5

With the exception of _____ causes, ____ is present unless an organic disorder develops

Answer 5

1.Organic 2.No structural pathology

Question 6

Definition-Psychogenic

Answer 6

Caused by underlying psychological factors

Question 7

Definition-Misuse/Abuse

Answer 7

Caused by hyperfunction

Question 8

Examples of Misuse/Abuse (2)

Answer 8

1.Excesive throat clearing 2.Excessive/inappropriate singing/performing

Question 9

Definition-Idiopathic

Answer 9

No known cause

Question 10

Definition-Organic

Answer 10

Compensatory hyperfunction as a result of organic pathology resulting in functional voice disorder (e.g. nodules)

Question 11

Name the functional disorders (4)

Answer 11

1.Puberphonia/Falsetto/Mutational falsetto 2.Functional Aphonia 3.Functional Dysphonia 4.Paradoxical VF Movement (PVFM, PVCD, VCD) (P,FA,FD,PVFM)

Question 12

Type of functional dysphonia characterized by “increased muscle tension, ventricular compression/phonation, A-P press”

Answer 12

Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD)

Question 13

Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) can be characterized by (3)

Answer 13

1.Increased muscle tension 2.Ventricular compression/phonation 3.A-P press (IVA)

Question 14

Type of functional dysphonia characterized by “nodules, polyps, laryngitis, reflux”

Answer 14

Organic

Question 15

Organic functional dysphonia can be characterized by (4)

Answer 15

1.Nodules 2.Polyps 3.Laryngitis 4.Reflux

NPLR

Question 16

What is puberphonia?

Answer 16

Puberphonia (aka “mutational falsetto”) is a pitch control disorder characterized by “pitch too high or pitch breaks.” Typically occurs during male puberty in relation to emotional stress. It is not due to anatomic immaturity of larynx; the larynx “rides high.”

Question 17

__ octave lower is considered normal development (Puberphonia)

Answer 17

1

Question 18

What characterizes functional aphonia. (3)

Answer 18

1.Whisper or shrill-sounding voice 2.May be temporary or intermittent 3.80% of cases coexist w/ psychiatric disorders

Question 19

Functional aphonia used to be termed… (3)

Answer 19

1.Hysterical Syndrome 2.Conversion symptom 3.Conversion hysteria

Question 20

Functional dysphonia may also be called…

Answer 20

Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD)

Question 21

Functional dysphonia may be characterized by (5)

Answer 21

1.Excessive tension of laryngeal/extralaryngeal muscles (neck, shoulder) 2.”Clavicular breathing”/”Chest breathing” 3.Increased vocal effort 4.Vocal fatigue 5.Hyperfunction
(ECIVH)

Question 22

Hyperfunction can be characterized as… (3)

Answer 22

1.Ventricular compression 2.Ventricular phonation 3.A-P press (Anterior-Posterior press)

Question 23

What are the etiologies of Paradoxical VF Movement (3)

Answer 23

1.Psychogenic 2.LPR (laryngo-pharyngeal reflux) 3.Neurological
(P,LPR,N)

Question 24

What are the symptoms of PVFM? (4)

Answer 24

1.Dyspnea 2.Inspiratory stridor 3.May be exercise-induced 4.May or may not have dysphonia 4.May have chronic cough

Question 25

What is dyspnea and what functional voice disorder is it related to?

Answer 25

Shortness of breath; PVFM

Question 26

What occurs during an inspiratory stridor and what functional voice disorder is it related to?

Answer 26

VF’s adduct on inspiration; PVFM

Question 27

How do you evaluate an exercise-induced PVFM? (Lecture notes; not on PPT)

Answer 27

Have them run around and then scope them immediately after.

Question 28

PVFM may be frequently misdiagnosed as ____

Answer 28

Asthma

Question 29

How do you differentiate between diagnosis of asthma and PVFM?

Answer 29

Asthma inhaler does not work then they are evaluated and treated for paradoxical VF movement.