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Voice Disorders Exam 1 > A&P of Voice Production > Flashcards

A&P of Voice Production Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Three Voice Subsystems for the Voice Mechanism

A
  1. Respiration/Air Pressure System (Power Source)
  2. Phonation/Vibratory System (Sound Source)
  3. Resonation/Resonating System (Filter)
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2
Q

Voice Organs of Respiration (Power Source)

A

Lungs (+diaphragm, chest muscles, ribs, abdominal muscles)

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3
Q

Voice Organs of Phonation (Sound Source)

A

Larynx (vocal folds)

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4
Q

Voice Organs of Resonation (Filter)

A

Vocal tract: throat (pharynx), oral cavity, nasal passages

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5
Q

Respiration (power source) role in sound production

A

provides and regulates air pressure to cause vocal folds to vibrate

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6
Q

Phonation (sound source) role in sound production

A

vocal folds vibrate, changing air pressure to sound waves producing “voiced sound,” frequently described as a “buzzing sound”; varies pitch of sound

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7
Q

Resonation (filter) role in sound production

A

changes the “buzzing sound” into a person’s recognizable voice

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8
Q

What happens to respiratory system during inspiration?

A

During inspiration, active muscle contraction occurs:

  1. Lungs inflate
  2. Rib cage moves in a series of movements
  3. Diaphragm pulls down (contracts)
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9
Q

Space in the ____ cavity increases and pressure decreases creating a _____ pressure. At this point, atmospheric pressure is ____ so this _____ pressure moves toward the ____ pressure and follows the path of least resistance.

A
  1. Thoracic
  2. Negative
  3. Greater
  4. Positive
  5. Negative
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10
Q

During the inhalation phase of breathing, the dimensions of the thoracic cavity increase in ___ planes

A

three

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11
Q

What are the three planes (dimensions) during the inhalation phase of breathing?

A
  1. Vertical dimension: increased by the contraction of the dome-shaped diaphragm
  2. Transverse (side to side) dimension: increased by raising of the curved ribs
  3. Anterior-posterior dimension: increased by simultaneous forward and upward movement of the sternum
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12
Q

In order for inspiration to occur, the ____ must be expanded

A

lungs

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13
Q

Inspiration is an _____ process stimulated by ______.

A

active; muscle contraction

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14
Q

The first step to increasing the lung volume involves ________ of the principle inspiratory muscles: (______ and the______ muscles)

A

contraction; diaphragm & external intercostal

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15
Q

What is diaphragmatic breathing?

A

deep abdominal breathing

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16
Q

What is clavicular breathing?

A

shallow breathing from excessive use of accessory muscles

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17
Q

During quiet breathing you mostly use your ___.

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

It isn’t until you begin forced respiration when you use the ______ and ______ muscles

A

diaphragm & accessory muscles

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19
Q

During ____ inspiration, accessory muscles of inspiration are also involved in increasing the size of the thoracic cavity.

A

forced

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20
Q

Contraction of the _____ elevates the sternum

A

sternocleidomastoid

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21
Q

Contraction of the _____ elevates the superior ribs

A

scalenes

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22
Q

The _____ is the primary muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

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23
Q

The ____ serves as a separation between the thorax and abdomen

A

diaphragm

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24
Q

The middle portion of the diaphragm is made up of a large, leafy aponeurosis called the ___.

A

central tendon

25
Muscle fibers of the diaphragm radiate out from the central tendon forming the _____, ______, and ____ attachments
sternal (sternum), costal (rib), vertebral (spinal)
26
What is the function of the diaphragm? (2)
muscle contracts (flattens) and muscle fibers shorten
27
The diaphragm is innervated by the ____.
phrenic nerve
28
T/F the diaphragm can be placed under voluntary control.
True; ex--holding your breath
29
T/F the diaphragm is primarily under voluntary control
False; involuntary--breathing for life sustaining purposes (no choice but to breathe)
30
Accessory muscles of inspiration (4 types)
1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Muscles of the neck 4. Muscles of the thorax, back and upper limb
31
Anterior muscles of inspiration (2)
1. External intercostal | 2. Internal intercostal (interchondral portion)
32
Posterior muscles of inspiration (2)
1. Levatores costarum (brevis and longis) | 2. Serratus posterior superior
33
Muscles of the neck involved in inspiration (3)
1. SCM 2. Scalenes 3. Trapezius
34
Muscles of the thorax, back, and upper limb (7)
1. Pectoralis major 2. Pectoralis minor 3. Serratus anterior 4. Subclavius 5. Levator scapulae 6. Rhomboideus major 7. Rhomboideus minor
35
Muscles of Expiration
Thoracic muscles and Abdominal muscles
36
Thoracic muscles involved in expiration? (6)
1. Internal intercostal (interosseous portion) 2. Transversus thoracis 3. Subcostal 4. Serratus posterior inferior 5. Innermost intercostal 6. Latissimus dorsi
37
Abdominal muscles involved in expiration?
1. Transversus abdominis 2. Internal oblique abdominis 3. External oblique abdominis 4. Rectus abdominis 5. Quadratus lumborum
38
Function of anterior thoracic muscles in expiration
decrease volume of thoracic cavity
39
Anterior thoracic muscles involved in expiration and function (2)
1. Internal intercostal (bony portion): support, protect & space ribs 2. Transversus thoracic: depress rib cage
40
Posterior thoracic muscles involved in expiration and function (4)
1. Subcostal: depress thorax 2. Serratus posterior inferior: depresses lower ribs 3. Innermost intercostal: depresses rib cage 4. Latissumus dorsi: stabilizes chest
41
Function of posterior thoracic muscles in expiration
decrease volume of thoracic cavity
42
What is the "Linea Alba"?
"white line" which runs from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis which forms the midline structure for muscular attachment
43
Name the abdominal muscles involved in expiration (5)
1. Transversus abdominis 2. Internal oblique abdominis 3. External oblique abdominis 4. Rectus abdominis 5. Quadratus lumborum
44
Function of abdominal muscles during expiration
compression of the abdominal viscera which aids in respiration and lifting
45
Transversus abdominis
deepest of the anterior abdominal muscles; contraction reduces the abdominal volume
46
Internal oblique abdominis
located between the external oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis 1. Unilateral contraction: rotates trunk 2. Bilateral contraction: creates flexion of trunk 3. Compresses abdomen
47
External oblique abdominis
The most superficial of abdominal muscles and the largest of the group 1. Unilateral contraction: bends the vertebral column laterally and rotates it 2. Bilateral contraction: flexes the vertebral column
48
Rectus abdominis
Prominent abdominal muscles of midline region Use of this muscle is essential for sit-ups Contraction compresses the abdominal contents Flexes the vertebral column
49
Quadratus Lumborum
Located in the dorsal section of the abdominal wall 1. Unilateral contraction: bends body laterally, "hikes hip" 2. Bilateral contraction: fixes the abdominal wall to support abdominal compression
50
Normal (_____) expiration is a _____ process because no muscular contractions are involved-- expiration simply involves eliminating waste products of respiration (CO2)
Passive; Passive
51
Why is normal passive expiration a passive process?
because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration simply involves eliminating waste products of respiration (CO2)
52
___( )__ involves muscle contraction
Forced (active) respiration
53
Expiration begins when___
the inspiratory muscles relax
54
As external intercostals relax...
the ribs move downward
55
As expiration begins...
the diaphragm relaxes
56
What are the three forces during passive expiration?
1. Torque 2. Elasticity 3. Gravity
57
Torque refers to...
the twisting of a shaft (or a rib) while not permitting one end to move
58
Elasticity refers to...
the chondral portion of the rib cage

Voice Disorders Exam 1 (5 decks)

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