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Voice Disorders Exam 1 > A&P of Voice Production > Flashcards

A&P of Voice Production Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Three Voice Subsystems for the Voice Mechanism

A
  1. Respiration/Air Pressure System (Power Source)
  2. Phonation/Vibratory System (Sound Source)
  3. Resonation/Resonating System (Filter)
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2
Q

Voice Organs of Respiration (Power Source)

A

Lungs (+diaphragm, chest muscles, ribs, abdominal muscles)

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3
Q

Voice Organs of Phonation (Sound Source)

A

Larynx (vocal folds)

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4
Q

Voice Organs of Resonation (Filter)

A

Vocal tract: throat (pharynx), oral cavity, nasal passages

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5
Q

Respiration (power source) role in sound production

A

provides and regulates air pressure to cause vocal folds to vibrate

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6
Q

Phonation (sound source) role in sound production

A

vocal folds vibrate, changing air pressure to sound waves producing “voiced sound,” frequently described as a “buzzing sound”; varies pitch of sound

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7
Q

Resonation (filter) role in sound production

A

changes the “buzzing sound” into a person’s recognizable voice

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8
Q

What happens to respiratory system during inspiration?

A

During inspiration, active muscle contraction occurs:

  1. Lungs inflate
  2. Rib cage moves in a series of movements
  3. Diaphragm pulls down (contracts)
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9
Q

Space in the ____ cavity increases and pressure decreases creating a _____ pressure. At this point, atmospheric pressure is ____ so this _____ pressure moves toward the ____ pressure and follows the path of least resistance.

A
  1. Thoracic
  2. Negative
  3. Greater
  4. Positive
  5. Negative
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10
Q

During the inhalation phase of breathing, the dimensions of the thoracic cavity increase in ___ planes

A

three

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11
Q

What are the three planes (dimensions) during the inhalation phase of breathing?

A
  1. Vertical dimension: increased by the contraction of the dome-shaped diaphragm
  2. Transverse (side to side) dimension: increased by raising of the curved ribs
  3. Anterior-posterior dimension: increased by simultaneous forward and upward movement of the sternum
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12
Q

In order for inspiration to occur, the ____ must be expanded

A

lungs

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13
Q

Inspiration is an _____ process stimulated by ______.

A

active; muscle contraction

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14
Q

The first step to increasing the lung volume involves ________ of the principle inspiratory muscles: (______ and the______ muscles)

A

contraction; diaphragm & external intercostal

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15
Q

What is diaphragmatic breathing?

A

deep abdominal breathing

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16
Q

What is clavicular breathing?

A

shallow breathing from excessive use of accessory muscles

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17
Q

During quiet breathing you mostly use your ___.

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

It isn’t until you begin forced respiration when you use the ______ and ______ muscles

A

diaphragm & accessory muscles

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19
Q

During ____ inspiration, accessory muscles of inspiration are also involved in increasing the size of the thoracic cavity.

A

forced

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20
Q

Contraction of the _____ elevates the sternum

A

sternocleidomastoid

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21
Q

Contraction of the _____ elevates the superior ribs

A

scalenes

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22
Q

The _____ is the primary muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

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23
Q

The ____ serves as a separation between the thorax and abdomen

A

diaphragm

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24
Q

The middle portion of the diaphragm is made up of a large, leafy aponeurosis called the ___.

A

central tendon

25
Q

Muscle fibers of the diaphragm radiate out from the central tendon forming the _____, ______, and ____ attachments

A

sternal (sternum), costal (rib), vertebral (spinal)

26
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm? (2)

A

muscle contracts (flattens) and muscle fibers shorten

27
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by the ____.

A

phrenic nerve

28
Q

T/F the diaphragm can be placed under voluntary control.

A

True; ex–holding your breath

29
Q

T/F the diaphragm is primarily under voluntary control

A

False; involuntary–breathing for life sustaining purposes (no choice but to breathe)

30
Q

Accessory muscles of inspiration (4 types)

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Muscles of the neck
  4. Muscles of the thorax, back and upper limb
31
Q

Anterior muscles of inspiration (2)

A
  1. External intercostal

2. Internal intercostal (interchondral portion)

32
Q

Posterior muscles of inspiration (2)

A
  1. Levatores costarum (brevis and longis)

2. Serratus posterior superior

33
Q

Muscles of the neck involved in inspiration (3)

A
  1. SCM
  2. Scalenes
  3. Trapezius
34
Q

Muscles of the thorax, back, and upper limb (7)

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Pectoralis minor
  3. Serratus anterior
  4. Subclavius
  5. Levator scapulae
  6. Rhomboideus major
  7. Rhomboideus minor
35
Q

Muscles of Expiration

A

Thoracic muscles and Abdominal muscles

36
Q

Thoracic muscles involved in expiration? (6)

A
  1. Internal intercostal (interosseous portion)
  2. Transversus thoracis
  3. Subcostal
  4. Serratus posterior inferior
  5. Innermost intercostal
  6. Latissimus dorsi
37
Q

Abdominal muscles involved in expiration?

A
  1. Transversus abdominis
  2. Internal oblique abdominis
  3. External oblique abdominis
  4. Rectus abdominis
  5. Quadratus lumborum
38
Q

Function of anterior thoracic muscles in expiration

A

decrease volume of thoracic cavity

39
Q

Anterior thoracic muscles involved in expiration and function (2)

A
  1. Internal intercostal (bony portion): support, protect & space ribs
  2. Transversus thoracic: depress rib cage
40
Q

Posterior thoracic muscles involved in expiration and function (4)

A
  1. Subcostal: depress thorax
  2. Serratus posterior inferior: depresses lower ribs
  3. Innermost intercostal: depresses rib cage
  4. Latissumus dorsi: stabilizes chest
41
Q

Function of posterior thoracic muscles in expiration

A

decrease volume of thoracic cavity

42
Q

What is the “Linea Alba”?

A

“white line” which runs from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis which forms the midline structure for muscular attachment

43
Q

Name the abdominal muscles involved in expiration (5)

A
  1. Transversus abdominis
  2. Internal oblique abdominis
  3. External oblique abdominis
  4. Rectus abdominis
  5. Quadratus lumborum
44
Q

Function of abdominal muscles during expiration

A

compression of the abdominal viscera which aids in respiration and lifting

45
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

deepest of the anterior abdominal muscles; contraction reduces the abdominal volume

46
Q

Internal oblique abdominis

A

located between the external oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis

  1. Unilateral contraction: rotates trunk
  2. Bilateral contraction: creates flexion of trunk
  3. Compresses abdomen
47
Q

External oblique abdominis

A

The most superficial of abdominal muscles and the largest of the group

  1. Unilateral contraction: bends the vertebral column laterally and rotates it
  2. Bilateral contraction: flexes the vertebral column
48
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Prominent abdominal muscles of midline region
Use of this muscle is essential for sit-ups
Contraction compresses the abdominal contents
Flexes the vertebral column

49
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Located in the dorsal section of the abdominal wall

  1. Unilateral contraction: bends body laterally, “hikes hip”
  2. Bilateral contraction: fixes the abdominal wall to support abdominal compression
50
Q

Normal (_____) expiration is a _____ process because no muscular contractions are involved– expiration simply involves eliminating waste products of respiration (CO2)

A

Passive; Passive

51
Q

Why is normal passive expiration a passive process?

A

because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration simply involves eliminating waste products of respiration (CO2)

52
Q

___( )__ involves muscle contraction

A

Forced (active) respiration

53
Q

Expiration begins when___

A

the inspiratory muscles relax

54
Q

As external intercostals relax…

A

the ribs move downward

55
Q

As expiration begins…

A

the diaphragm relaxes

56
Q

What are the three forces during passive expiration?

A
  1. Torque
  2. Elasticity
  3. Gravity
57
Q

Torque refers to…

A

the twisting of a shaft (or a rib) while not permitting one end to move

58
Q

Elasticity refers to…

A

the chondral portion of the rib cage

Voice Disorders Exam 1 (5 decks)

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