Organic synthesis Flashcards
Alkane to Haloalkane
X2
UV light
Alkene to Alkane
H2
Nickel cat
150°C
Alkene to Haloalkane
HX
20°C
Haloalkane to Alcohol
Warm KOH/NaOH
H2O
Reflux
Alcohol to Haloalkane
NaX
H2SO4
20°C
Alkene to Dihaloalkane
X2
20°C
Alkene to Alcohol
Steam
300°C
60-70atm
H3PO4 cat
Alcohol to Ester
Carboxylic acid Acid cat Heat OR Acyl Chloride OR Acid Anhydride
Ester to Alcohol
Dilute acid or Alkali
Reflux
Haloalkane to Nitrile
NaCN or KCN
Ethanol
Reflux
Haloalkane to Amine
Excess ethanolic ammonia
Heat
Nitrile to Amine
LiAH4 Dilute acid OR H2 Ni cat High temp and pressure
Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Distil
Aldehyde/ketone to Alcohol
NaBH4
H2O
Hydroxynitrile to Amine
LiAlH4 Dilute acid OR H2 Ni cat High temp high pressure
Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid
Dilute HCl
Reflux
Aldehyde/Ketone to Hydroxynitrile
HCN
Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl
Reflux
Aldehyde/Ketone to Carboxylic Acid
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Reflux
Carboxylic acid to Ester
Alcohol
Acid cat
Heat
Ester to Carboxylic Acid
Dilute acid
OR
alkali
Reflux
Acyl chloride to Ester
Alcohol
20°C
Carboxylic acid to Acyl chloride
SOCl2
Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid
Cold H2O
Acyl chloride to Amide
(Primary amide) NH3 20°C Or (Secondary amide) Amine 20°C
Alcohol to Alkene
Conc acid cat
170°C
