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Organic Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to aldehyde?

A

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, distill a primary alcohol

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2
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde to alcohol?

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
Or NaBH4 in methanol and water

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3
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?

A

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid and reflux

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4
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to ketone?

A

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, heat secondary alcohol in a reflux kit

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5
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for ketone to alcohol?

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
Or NaBH4 in methanol and water

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6
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to alkene?

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and heat

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7
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to alcohol?

A

Steam, phosphoric acid catalyst, 60 atm and 300°c

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8
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to haloalkane?

A

Sodium halide, sulfuric acid and 20°c

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9
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to alcohol?

A

Warm sodium hydroxide, water and reflux

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10
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkane to haloalkane?

A

Halogen and UV light

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11
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to haloalkane?

A

Hydrogen halide at 20°c

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12
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to alkene?

A

Potassium hydroxide, ethanol and reflux

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13
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to dihaloalkane?

A

Halogen at 20°c

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14
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to diol?

A

Acidified potassium manganate (KMnO4) at 20°c

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15
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alkene to alkane?

A

Hydrogen, Nickel catalyst at 150°c

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16
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to iodoalkane?

A

Iodine (I2), red phosphorous, reflux

17
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid to alcohol?

A

LiAlH4 in ether

18
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to nitrile?

A

Potassium cyanide, ethanol, reflux

19
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for nitrile to primary amine?

A
  • LiAlH4 and dilute H2SO4
  • H2, Nickel catalyst, high temp and pressure
  • sodium, ethanol, reflux
20
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to primary amine?

A

Ammonia and heat

21
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for nitrile to carboxylic acid?

A

Dilute HCl and reflux

22
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for haloalkane to carboxylic acid?

A

Mg, dry ether, CO2 in dilute acid. (Grignard reagent)

23
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile?

A

Potassium cyanide, sulfuric acid at 20°c

24
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for acyl chloride to carboxylic acid?

A

Water at 20°c

25
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for carboxylic acid to acyl chloride?

26
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for aldehyde/ketone to ester?

A

Conc sulfuric acid, alcohol, heat and catalyst

27
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for ester to carboxylic acid?

A
  • Dilute sulfuric acid, water, reflux and catalyst
  • dilute sodium hydroxide, reflux
28
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for ester to alcohol?

A

Dilute acid or alkali, reflux

29
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for alcohol to ester?

A
  • Carboxylic acid, acid catalyst, heat
  • acyl chloride
30
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for acyl chloride to primary amide?

A

Ammonia at 20 degrees

31
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to nitrobenzene?

A

Conc sulfuric acid and conc nitric acid, less than 55 degrees

32
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to phenylamime?

A

Conc HCl, tin and reflux. Add NaOH

33
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to phenylketone?

A

Acid chloride and aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux, anhydrous conditions

34
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to halobenzene?

A

Halogen, aluminium chloride catalyst in warm conditions

35
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for benzene to alkylbenzene?

A

Haloalkane, AlCl3 catalyst, under reflux

36
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for phenol to sodium phenoxide?

A

NaOH at 20 degrees

37
Q

What’s the reagents and conditions for phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol?

A

Bromine water at 20 degrees

Chemistry (14 decks)

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