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Chemistry > Organic II > Flashcards

Organic II Flashcards

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1
Q

Are carboxylic acids soluble in water

A

Yes, because they form Hydrogen bonds with water. However, as chain length increases, solubility decreases and London forces increase and outweigh hydrogen bond

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2
Q

Explain a pro of polyesters compared to polymers.

A

They’re biodegradable because they can be broken down through hydrolysis due to the polarity within the molecule

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3
Q

How are esters formed

A

Carboxylic acids can react with alcohols in the presence of a strong acid catalyst under reflux

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4
Q

What are the two different Ester hydrolysis reactions?

A

Acid conditions:
- Add water and a carboxylic acid and alcohol form
Alkali conditions:
- Add NaOH and a carboxylate salt and alcohol forms

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5
Q

How do you extend the carbon chain my one?

A

Add hydrogen cyanide or potassium cyanide

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6
Q

What’s a problem with hydrogen cyanide?

A

Hard to store and a toxic gas which can react to form dangerous products

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7
Q

Why are Acyl chloride reactions (Acylation) reactions so violent?

A

Acyl chlorides are very polar

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8
Q

How do you make an acyl chloride?

A

React carboxylic acid with phosphorous chloride, other products are POCl3 and HCl

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9
Q

Give the structural formula of ethyl chloride.

A

CH3COCl

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10
Q

What does water and acyl chloride form?

A

Carboxylic acid

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11
Q

What does acyl chloride and alcohol form?

A

Ester

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12
Q

What does acyl chloride and ammonia form?

A

Amide

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13
Q

What does acyl chloride and amine form

A

N-substituted amide

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14
Q

What type of reaction is an Acyl chloride with anything under aqueous conditions?

A

Nucleophilic elimination

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15
Q

What conditions are needed for iodine to react with propanone

A

Acid acts as a catalyst

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16
Q

What’s the method for reacting propanone with iodine?

A
  • Mix them together in acidic conditions
  • Small samples are then removed from the mixture with a volumetric pipette
  • Then quench by adding excess sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise the acid
  • Then titration with sodium thiosulfate and starch catalyst
  • Will go from yellow/brown to colourless
17
Q

Define free radical

A

A species with one unpaired electron

18
Q

What would u use to neutralise any unwanted acid in a solution.

A

Sodium hydrogencarbonate

19
Q

Why is sodium chloride added when separating layers of a solution?

A

Helps the organic and aqueous layer seperate

Chemistry (14 decks)

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