Organic Synthesis Flashcards
Why do chemists aim to design processes that don’t use solvents?
The use of a solvent requires separation techniques to remove the products from the solvents, This can be costly and it results in the loss of yield.
Why do chemists aim to design processes with fewer steps?
The more steps there are the higher the loss of yield.
Why do chemists aim to design processes with a high atom economy?
so less chemicals need to be discarded
What is the test for an alkene?
- Add bromine water.
- The presence of an alkene will decolorise the bromine solution.
What is the test for an aldehyde?
Fehling’s reagent: A red precipitate will form from the blue solution.
Tollen’s reagent: A silver mirror will form if an aldehyde is present.
How does Fehling’s Reagent work?
The Cu 2+ ions will be reduced into copper oxide, which is the red precipitate. The aldehydes will be oxidised into a carboxylic acid.
How does Tollen’s Reagent work?
The silver ions will be reduced into silver atoms, which form the silver mirror. The aldehyde will be reduced into a carboxylic acid.
What is the test for a carboxylic acid?
- Add sodium carbonate.
- Effervescence as carbon dioxide is produced.
What is the test for a primary and secondary alcohol?
- Add potassium dichromate. and sulfuric acid.
- The solution will go from orange to green.
What is the test for a chloroalkane?
- Warm the solution with silver nitrate.
- A white precipitate forms if a chloroalkane is present.
What is the test for a bromoalkane?
- Warm the solution with silver nitrate.
- A cream precipitate forms if a chloroalkane is present.
What is the test for a iodoalkane?
- Warm the solution with silver nitrate.
- A yellow precipitate forms if a chloroalkane is present.
How would you differentiate between the white precipitate and the cream precipitate?
- The white precipitate will dissolve in dilute ammonia.
- The cream precipitate will dissolve in concentrated ammonia.
