Amines and Amides

Question 1

What is an amine?

Answer 1

When a hydrogen in ammonia is replaced with an organic group.

Question 2

What is a primary amine?

Question 3

What is a secondary amine?

Question 4

What is a tertiary amine?

Question 5

What is a quarternary ammonium ion ?

Question 6

What are quarternary ammonium salts?

Question 7

What smells do amines have?

Question 8

Why can amines act as bases?

Answer 8

The one pair of electrons on the nitrogen can form a coordinated bond with a hydrogen ion.

Question 9

What determines the strength of an amine base?

Answer 9

The more available the lone pair of electrons are on the nitrogen the more likely they are to form a coordinate bond with a hydrogen ion.

Question 10

Why are aromatic amines the weakest type of base?

Answer 10

The benzene ring pulls the electrons on the nitrogen towards it meaning they are less readily available to form a coordinate bond with a hydrogen ion.

Question 11

Why are aliphatic amines the strongest type of base?

Answer 11

The alkyl groups push the electrons on the nitrogen away from it meaning they are more readily available to form a coordinate bond with a hydrogen ion.

Question 12

How strong is ammonia as a base?

Answer 12

It lies in the middle because it doesn’t have a benzene ring but the alkyl groups do push the pair of electrons away so they are more readily available.

Question 13

What is the functional group of an amide?

Question 14

Draw N-methylethanamide.

Question 15

Draw N-ethylpropanamide.

Question 16

Name and draw the mechanism for the reaction of bromoethane with ammonia.

Question 17

Name and draw the mechanism for the reaction of bromoethane with ammonia.

Question 18

Name and draw the mechanism for the reaction of bromoethane with methylamine.

Question 19

How can you turn a nitrile into an amine?

Answer 19

You reduce it

Question 20

What is the reducing agent used?

Answer 20

LiAlH4 and a dilute acid.

Question 21

What is the use of LiAlH4 not great for industrial use?

Answer 21

It is too expensive.

Question 22

What conditions can be used to replace the reducing agent?

Answer 22

1. a metal catalyst like platinum and nickel
2. high temperatures and pressure

Question 23

When can amines act as nucleophiles?

Answer 23

When they react with acyl chlorides and anhydrides.

Question 24

How can you make an aromatic amine?

Answer 24

The reduction of a nitro compound.

Question 25

What happens during the reduction of nitrobenzene?

Answer 25

1. The nitro compound, HCL and tin metal are heated under reflux to make a salt.
2. Add NaOH to turn the salt to turn it into an aromatic amine.