Introduction into Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made up hydrogen and carbon only.
What does saturated mean?
Does not contain a carbon double bond.
What does unsaturated mean?
contains a C-C double bond.
What is a molecular formula?
The formula shows the actual number of each type of atom.
What is an empirical formula?
Shows the simplest whole number ratio of each atom of each element in the compound.
What is a general formula?
An algebraic formula for a homologous series.
What is a structural formula?
Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule in the simplest way possible.
What is the displayed formula?
Shows all the covalent bonds and atoms in a compound.
What is a skeletal formula?
What is a functional group?
a group of atoms which determines the chemical properties of a homologous series.
What is a homologous series?
Compounds that have the same general formula and functional group.
What are structural isomers?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
What are the different types of structural isomers?
- Chain isomers
- Position isomers
- Functional Group isomer
What are chain isomers?
compounds that have the same molecular formula but different carbon skeletons
What are position isomers?
Compounds have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula because the functional group is placed in a different position on the carbon skeleton.
What are functional group isomers?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different functional groups.
What is stereoisomerism?
When compounds have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms within a space.
How do E-Z isomers in alkenes come about?
- The restricted rotation around the carbon double bond.
- There are two different groups attached to both ends of the double bond.
Why does But-1-ene not show E-Z isomerism?
Because on one side of the double bond, there are two identical groups.
What is the priority group?
The atom with the bigger atomic number.
What are the CIP rules for naming E-Z isomers?
- The atom with the highest atomic number will be given priority.
- If the atoms are the same consider the atoms at distance 2 from the double bond and the one with the highest atomic number will be given priority.
What are the differences between E-Z isomers?
The isomers have different melting and boiling points.
