Organic Reactions- Part 3 Flashcards
Acid anhydride + Alcohol—> ?
Conditions?
Ester + Carboxylic acid.
Requires warm conditions.
Acyl chloride + Alcohol —> ?
Conditions?
Ester + HCl.
Anhydrous conditions.
Acyl Chloride + Water —> ?
Carboxylic acid + HCl
Acyl chloride + Ammonia —> ?
Primary Amide + HCl
Acyl chloride + primary Amine —> ?
Secondary Amide + HCl.
What’s the equation for Ester hydrolysis using an acid?
What are the conditions?
Ester + Water —> Carboxylic acid + Alcohol.
This requires aqueous HCl, and heating under reflux.
What’s the equation for Ester hydrolysis using a base? (E.g. NaOH)
What are the conditions?
Ester + NaOH —> Carboxylate salt + Alcohol.
Requires an aqueous base, and heating under reflux.
What is the equation for aromatic amine synthesis?
What are the reaction conditions?
What’s important about the immediate product?
Nitrobenzene + 6[H] —> Benzeneamine + 2H2O.
This requires reflux under heating with Tin and concentrated HCl.
Initially, the amine salt is formed. React it with an alkali to form the free amine.
Amine + Water —> ?
Positive amine ion + OH-
(Amines are weak bases).
Amine + acid —>
A salt.
Amino acid + acid —> ?
Carboxylic acid with attached salt group.
Amino acid + Alkali —>
Amine with attached carboxylate salt + Water.
Amino acid + alcohol —> ?
Conditions?
Ester (with amine group) + Water.
Requires a sulphuric acid catalyst.
What is the equation for nitrile hydrolysis?
What are the conditions?
Nitrile + 2H2O + H+ —> Carboxylic acid + NH4+.
Reflux with aqueous HCl.
What is the equation for nitrile reduction?
What are the conditions?
Nitrile + 2H2 —> Primary Amine
Requires heating with a nickel catalyst.
