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Chemistry Paper 2 > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of compounds with the same functional group

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2
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms that determines the properties of a compound

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3
Q

What are alkenes?

A

A homologous series with a double carbon-carbon bond

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4
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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5
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

Polymers and chemical feedstocks

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6
Q

What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene with a halogen?

A

A haloalkane

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7
Q

What is the product from the addition reaction of an alkene with hydrogen?

A

An alkane

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8
Q

What conditions are required for the addition reaction of an alkene with steam?

A

High temperature, high pressure and a catalyst

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9
Q

What are alcohols?

A

A homologous series with an -OH group

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10
Q

How are alcohols produced?

A

Steam with an alkene or fermentation

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11
Q

What conditions are required to produce alcohols by fermenting?

A

Sugar solution with yeast mixed in, warm, sealed vessel

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12
Q

Name the first four alcohols

A

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

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13
Q

What are the products of a reaction between an alcohol and sodium?

A

Hydrogen and an alkoxide

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14
Q

What is the oxidation of an alcohol?

A

When an alcohol is turned into a carboxylic acid

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15
Q

Name two oxidising agents

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

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16
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

A homologous series with a -COOH group

17
Q

What do carboxylic acids form when they react with sodium carbonate?

A

Salt, carbon dioxide, water

18
Q

How are carboxylic acids produced?

A

Oxidation of alcohols

19
Q

Name the first four carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic acid, Ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

20
Q

What is the product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

A

An ester

21
Q

What catalyst is normally used in the formation of esters?

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid

22
Q

What occurs when pure carboxylic acids are added to water?

A

A weak acid is formed

Chemistry Paper 2 (9 decks)

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