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Chemistry Paper 2 > Chemical analysis > Flashcards

Chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

In chemistry, what is a pure substance?

A

Something made of only one type of substance

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2
Q

What is the difference between the melting and boiling points of a pure and impure substance?

A

Pure - sharp/one specific temp

Impure - Broad/occurs across a range of temps

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3
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A mixture designed for a specific purpose

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4
Q

What are some examples of formulations?

A

Fuels, cleaning agents, paints, medicines, alloys, fertilisers, food

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5
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A process for separating coloured mixtures

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6
Q

How is Rf calculated?

A

Rf = distance moved by substance
__________________________
distance moved by solvent

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7
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Lit splint gives squeaky pop

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8
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Re-lights a glowing splint

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9
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Turns limewater milky if bubbled through it

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10
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Bleaches damp litmus paper

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11
Q

What is the test for aluminium, calcium and magnesium ions?

A

Forms white precipitate with sodium hydroxide solution

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12
Q

How can aluminium ions be distinguished from calcium and magnesium ones?

A

The white precipitate will dissolve with excess sodium hydroxide

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13
Q

What colour precipitates are formed when sodium hydroxide solution is added to solutions of copper, iron(II) and iron(III) ions?

A

Copper - blue precipitate
Iron (II) - green precipitate
Iron(III) - brown precipitate

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14
Q

What is the test for a halide ion?

A

Add silver nitrate and nitric acid: chloride forms white precipitate, bromide forms cream precipitate, iodide forms yellow precipitate

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15
Q

What is the test for a carbonate ion?

A

Carbon dioxide gas formed on addition of acid

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16
Q

What is the test for a sulfate ion?

A

White precipitate formed with hydrochloric acid and barium chloride

17
Q

What colours are produced by different metals in a flame test?

A 
Lithium - crimson
Sodium - yellow
Potassium - lilac
Calcium - orange-red
Copper - green
18
Q

What is instrumental analysis?

A

Using complex scientific equipment to identify substances

19
Q

What are the three advantages of instrumental analysis?

A

Rapid
Accurate
Sensitive

20
Q

What information does flame emission spectroscopy produce?

A

The wavelength of light given off by a metal in a flame to identify the metal and its concentration

Chemistry Paper 2 (9 decks)

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