Crude Oil and Fuels

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Compound of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 2

Over millions of years from the remains of of ancient biomass

Question 3

What are the alkanes?

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons that only have single bonds

Question 4

What are the first four alkanes?

Answer 4

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

How does boiling point depend on the chain length?

Answer 6

Longer the chain, higher the boiling point

Question 7

How does viscosity depend on chain length?

Answer 7

Longer the chain, higher the viscosity

Question 8

How does flammability depend on chain length?

Answer 8

Longer the chain, the lower the flammability

Question 9

How can the different alkanes in crude oil be separated?

Answer 9

Fractional distillation

Question 10

What is a fraction?

Answer 10

A group of hydrocarbons with similar chain lengths

Question 11

Name five useful fuels produced from fractional distillation

Answer 11

Petrol, Diesel oil, Kerosene, Heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases

Question 12

What is cracking?

Answer 12

Breaking down a hydrocarbon with a long chain into smaller molecules

Question 13

Name four useful materials produced from crude oil fractions

Answer 13

Solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents

Question 14

Name two methods to carry out cracking

Answer 14

Steam cracking, catalytic cracking

Question 15

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 15

Short chain alkanes and alkenes

Question 16

What are alkenes

Answer 16

Hydrocarbons with a double bond

Question 17

What are alkenes used for?

Answer 17

Formation of polymers

Question 18

Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes

Answer 18

Alkenes are much more reactive

Question 19

How can you test for alkenes?

Answer 19

Alkenes turn orange bromine water colourless