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Chemistry > Organic Pathways > Flashcards

Organic Pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alcohols to esters

A

Carboxylic acid
Conc. H2SO4

Heat

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2
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting esters to alcohols, what reaction is this?

A

Water, dilute H2SO4

Heat reflux

Hydrolysis

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3
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting carboxylic acids to esters

A

Alcohol, conc. H2so4

Heat

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4
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting esters to alcohols, what type of reaction is this?

A

Water
Dilute h2so4

Heat reflux

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alcohols to aldehydes, what type of reaction is this?

A

Acidified potassium dichromage

Intermediate distillation

Oxidation

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6
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting secondary alcohols to ketones, what reaction is this?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat reflux

Oxidation

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7
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alcohols to COOH? What type of reaction is this?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

Heat reflux

Oxidation

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8
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting ketones/ aldehydes to hydroxynitriles. What reaction is this?

A

KCN and dilute HCl

Dilute acid

Nucleophilic addition

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9
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting ketones/ aldehydes to alcohols. What reaction is this?

A

NaBH4

Aqueous

Nucleophilic addition

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10
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alcohols to alkenes, what reaction is this?

A

Conc. H2so4

Heat reflux

Elimination

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11
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alkenes to alcohols, what reaction is this?

A

Steam

Phosphoroc acid, high temp and pressure

Hydration

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12
Q

State the reagents for converting alkenes to halogenoalkanes, what reaction is this?

A

H-X (hydrogen halide)

Electrophilic addition

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13
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting halogenoalkanes to alkenes? What reaction is this?

A

NaOH

Ethanoic acid
Heat reflux

Elimination

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14
Q

State the reagents for converting acyl chlorides/ acid anhydrides to esters. What reaction is this?

A

Alcohols

Nucleophilic addition elimination

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15
Q

State the reagents for converting acyl chlorides/ acid anhydrides to COOH. What reaction is this?

A

Water

Nucleophilic addition elimination

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16
Q

State the reagents for converting acyl chlorides/ acid anhydrides to primary amides. What reaction is this?

A

Amides

Nucleophilic addition elimination

17
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alkanes to halogenoalkanes, what mechanism is this?

A

Halogens

UV light

Free radical substitution

18
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting alkanes to halogenoalkanes, what mechanism is this?

A

Halogens

UV light

Free radical substitution

19
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting halogenoalkaes to a nitrile, what mechanism is this?

A

KCN

Ethanolic, heat

Nucleophilic substitution

20
Q

State the reagents and conditions for converting halogenoalkanes to primary amines, what mechanism is this?

A

EXCESS ammonia

Heat, aqueous, ethanol

Nucleophilic substitution

21
Q

What are the reagents and conditions for converting a nitrile to amine, and what reaction is this?

A

H2

Nickel catalyst, high temps and high pressure

Reduction

22
Q

What are the reagents and conditions for converting primary amines to secondary amines? What type of reaction is this?

A

Nucleophilic substitution

R-X and excess primary amine
Heat

23
Q

What are the reagents and conditons for converting sedomdary amines to tertiary amines? What mechanism is this?

A

Nucleophilic substitution

R-X, excess secondary amine
Heat

24
Q

What are the reagents for converting primary amines to sedondary amides? What mechanism is this?

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Reagents- Acyl chloride

25
Q

What are the reagents and conditions for converting benzene to nitobenzen? What mechanisms is this?

A

Ammonia, Conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4
Reflux 50*
Electrophilic substitution

26
Q

What are the reagents and conditions for converting benzene to a phenylketone? What mechanism is this?

A

Acyl chloride, with anhydrous AlCl3
Electrophilic sub

27
Q

What are the reagents and conditions for converting nitrobenzene to a phenylamine? What reaction is this?

A

Tin and conc. Hcl
Heat reflux
Reduction

28
Q

What are the reagents for converting a phenylamine to a N-phenylethanamide? What mechanism is this?

A

Acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition elimination

Chemistry (12 decks)

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