Carboxylic Acids And Esters Flashcards
What is the functional group for carbocylic acids?
COOH
What is the functional group for esters?
COOR
What is the functional group for acyl chlorides?
CO-Cl
What is the functional group for acid anhydrydes?
OC-O-CO
What is the functional group for amides?
CO-NH2
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
CnH2nOH
Name 4 derivatives of carboxylic acids
Esters
Acyl chlorides
Amides
Acid anhydryde
Describe the melting points, solubility and acidity of carboxylic acids
High melting and boiling points- due to hydrogen bonding between molecules
Low Mr carboxylic acids are soluble in water- form hydrogen bonding with water
Weak acids- only partially dissociate (donate H+ ions) in water
Describe the test for carboxylic acids
Add sodium carbonate
If carboxylic acids are present, effervescence will be seen due to carbon dioxide
What is the general formula of esters?
CnH2nO2
What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction in whoch two molecules join together with the elimination of a small molecule
What are the reagents and conditions of the preparation of esters using carboxylic acids and alcohols?
Reagents- concentrated H2SO4
Heat
What are the conditions for the preparation of esters using
Alcohol and acid anhydrides?
Heat
What are the conditions for the preparation of esters using
Alcohol and acyl chlorides?
Room temperature
State three ways in which esters can be prepared using alcohol
Carboxylic acid and alcohol
Acyl chloride and alcohol
Acid anhydryde and alcohol
Compare the boiling points and solubility of esters and carboxylic acids
Esters have a lower bp and are less soluble than carboxylic acids as they do not form hydrogen bonds
Name four uses of esters
Perfumes
Sweets
Solvents
Plasticisers
What is aspirin?
An ester of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
How can aspirin be manufactured? What else does this reaction produce?
By reacting ethanoic anhydide with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. This also produces ethanoic acid