Organic Mechanisms

Question 1

electrophilic addition

Answer 1

• for alkenes to haloalkanes
• homolytic fission
• arrows are moving out of bonds
• 2 steps (1 intermediate)

Question 2

nucleophilic subsititution

Answer 2

• haloalkane
• electron pair donor arrow moves into central carbon
• arrow moves out of bond + points to haloalkane
• 1 step (no intermediate)

Question 3

electrophilic subsititution

Answer 3

• benzene / nitration / acylation
• electrophile is generated
• 2 steps (1 intermediate)

Question 4

nucleophilic addition

Answer 4

• carbonyl to alcohol / hydroxynitrile
• arrow moves out of C=O and points to O
• arrow from H- points to central C
• intermidate -> C-O- // O- points to H+ (or H from water)
• 2 steps (1 intermediate)
• is a reduction so 2[H] is used in equation