organic mechanisms

Question 1

HUGE NOTE FOR THIS … MAKE SURE THAT THE CURLY ARROW COMES FROM THE BOND (WHEN HYDROGEN IS ATTASCHED TO THE BENZENE) , NOT THE HYDROGEN

Answer 1

catalyst is regenerated :

H+ + HSO4(-)— H2SO4

REMEMBER TO DRAW THE ALDEHYDE GROUP LIKE THE ONE SHOWN

Question 2

Answer 2

basically, the “OK” comes from the KOH and displaces the the “H” in the aldehyde group to make a “COOK” group

now there is a misplaced “H+” from the aldheyde combines with the “H+” that has also been misplaced from the KO to make H2

the resulting H2 combines with another benzaldehyde to produce an alchohol group on that benzaldehyde.

thus the final two products are benezenes with COOK attached and CH2OH attached