amines, amino acids, polymers/ esters etc ...

Question 1

suggest a use for this

Answer 1

perfume ( remember: these are AROMATIC for a reason )

Question 2

what type of reaction is it when an alchohol turns into a carboxylic acid ?

Answer 2

oxidation

Question 3

amino acid group

Answer 3

Question 4

how do we know compound E is an aldehyde

Answer 4

BECAUSE IT SAYS OXIDISED BY TOLLENS SO ITS AN ALDEHYDE

steps to solving

1. add obvious groups : you know that its an an amino acid so add NH2, and the aldehyde group because it hints that in the question

2. draw it out

whole question answer (WATCH)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mLdH0F2gOU&t=3s

Question 5

how else can amino acids be orientated?

Answer 5

like this :

Question 6

what type of reaction is it when a functional group turns into a alchohol group

Answer 6

hydrolysis

Question 7

Answer 7

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mLdH0F2gOU&t=3s
12: 42
1. figure out mass of monomer, then deduct 129 from it to find ou thtat theres a difference of 1* ( mr of H2O ) suggesting that the water was removed

Question 8

amide group

Answer 8

CONH2

Question 9

Answer 9

Ester/ amide group

Question 10

DEFINE DIPEPTIDE

AND DRAW DIPEPTIDES BELOW

Answer 10

FORMS CN bond, C

(note: for this question, just swap the “R” groups around to get both versions of dipeptides )

you cant polymerise the carboxyl and alchoohl group, since they are asking for dipeptides (CN bond polymer)

Question 11

what would you draw for an ion at its iso electric point (PH)

and what about alkali PH ?

Answer 11

The regular zwitter ion

zwitterion but add OH- to it so that the NH3+ part turns into NH2 . the COO- stays hte same

Question 12

Answer 12

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkXJNaRt5-o&t=223s
6: 22

remember: go for the most obvious one, ignore NH2 as in prooton nmr most of the hdyrogens have to be bodned to some sort of carbon

Question 13

why is it important that single stereoisomers are used in the synthesis of drugs ?

Answer 13

no/fewer side effects increases the (pharmacological)

activity/effectiveness Reduces/stops the need

for/cost/difficulty in separating stereoisomers/optical isomers

REMEMBER: optical isomers, like bindign to taste buds and producin different tastes… can also cause side egects

Question 14

explain how GC allows us to identify compounds ? (2)

Answer 14

.seperate compounds

. identify compounds by comapring with database

markscheme says “ ignore retention times”

Question 15

process by which tlc seperates amino acids

Answer 15

adsorption

Question 16

salt formed when HCL is added to NH2 group in acid hydrolysis ?

Answer 16

NH3(+) CL(-)

dont forget the CL-