Organic Materials Flashcards
Catenation in Carbon
It can form covalently bonded chains and rings
Catenation in othe elements
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Alkanes
Functional group- Alkyl
Simplest Hydrocarbon
Natural gases, waxes, petrols and oils
Form rings- Cycloalkanes
Straight chain more volatile than branched
Alkenes
Functional group- Alkenyl
At least one C=C
More reactive than alkanes
Can produce polymers by polymerisation
More volatile than alkanes
Alkynes
Functional group- Alkynyl
At least CC triple bond
Even more reactive and volatile
Not soluble in water
Benzene
Functional group- Phenyl
Not v. reactive
Aromatic compunds are often a health hazard
Used in produce in the production of polymers
Halogenes
Functional group- Halogen
Quite a few industrial uses
Bad for the environment
Fire retardent
Alcohols
Functiuonal group- Hydroxyl
V. reactive
Can be produced in nature
Phenols- OH group on a Benzene ring
Low molecular weight alcohols are liquid at room temp.
Ethers
Functional group- O-C-O
Produced from Alcohols
V. volatile and flammable
Useful as solvents for fats and oils
Amines
Functional group-C-NH2
Strong smelling and reactive
Hydrogen bonding is weaker than in alcohol
Gives amino acids
Used in Nylons
Some are toxic
Aldehydes and Ketones
Functional group- C=O at the end and the middle respectively
Oxidised from alcohols
Fruit fragances and Antibacterial agent
Carboxylic Acids
Functional group- OH-C=O
Organic acids
Formic and ethanoic
Esters
Functional group- O-C=O
Volatile
Fragrant
Aromatic
Contains a Benzene ring
Aliphatic
No Benzene ring
