Organic intro & Nomenclature

Question 1

What are the first 10 stem words for organic molecules?

Answer 1

Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec

Question 2

What are the prefixes for when there are more than two of some groups?

Answer 2

Di-
Tri-
Tetra-
Penta-
Hexa-

Question 3

What are the first four alkyl groups?

Answer 3

methyl
ethyl
propyl
butyl

Question 4

What is the suffix and prefix of alcohols?

Answer 4

-ol
hydroxyl-

Question 5

What are the main 3 prefixes of haloalkanes?

Answer 5

chloro-
bromo-
iodo-

Question 6

What is the suffix for aldehydes

Answer 6

-al

Question 7

What is the suffix and prefix for ketones?

Answer 7

-one
oxo-

Question 8

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

Answer 8

-oic acid

Question 9

What is the suffix for nitriles?

Answer 9

-nitrile

Question 10

What is the suffix and prefix for amines?

Answer 10

-amine
amino-

Question 11

What is an alkane?

Answer 11

A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons with a general formula if Cn H2n+2

Question 12

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

Answer 12

It is the same as alkenes
Cn H2n

Question 13

Definition of a haloalkane

Answer 13

A homologous series of saturated cimpounds with a general formula of CnH2n+1X

Question 14

How many outer (valence) electrons does Carbon have?

Answer 14

4 (LN)

Question 15

Can carbon bond with itself (catenate)?

Answer 15

Yes, it can catenate to form a long chain, ring and cage structures.

Question 16

Definition of a functional group

Answer 16

An atom/ group of atoms in an organic molecule, which is responsible for the characteristic reactions of that molecule

Question 17

Definition of a homologous series

Answer 17

A family of compounds that all contain the same functional group and can be represented by the same general formula.

Question 18

Molecular formula definition

Answer 18

Actual numbers of atoms if each element in a compound (e.g glucose = C6H12O6 )

Question 19

Empirical formula definition

Answer 19

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound ( CH2O )

Question 20

General formula definition

Answer 20

A type of empirical formula, represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds

Question 21

Structural formula definition

Answer 21

A unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 22

Displayed (graphical) formula definition

Answer 22

Shows every atom and energy bond in a molecule

Question 23

Skeletal formula definition

Answer 23

A carbon chain skeleton of a compound with all the Hydrogen atoms removed leaving just the functional group attached to it.

Question 24

Structural isomer definition

Answer 24

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 25

Stereo isomer definition

Answer 25

Compounds with the same molecular and structural formula but the bonds are arranged differently in space

Question 26

Chain isomer definition

Answer 26

Compounds with the same molecular formula but the carbon chains are different (e.g butane and methyl propane)

Question 27

As the Mr of an alkane increases what happens to its melting and boiling points?

Answer 27

As the Mr increases the number of electrons increases so the Van der Waals forces increases so the melting and boiling point increase

Question 28

How does an increase in branching in alkanes affect the boiling point?

Answer 28

An increase in branching leads to the boiling point decreasing as the molecules don't pack together as closely, so the Van der Waals forces are weaker.

Question 29

Position isomer definition

Answer 29

A compound with the same molecular formula but the functional group is in a different place on the carbon chain

Question 30

Functional group isomers definition

Answer 30

A compound with the same molecular formula but containing different functional groups (e.g Cyclohecane and hex-1-ene) (e.g ethanol and methoxymethane) (e.g propanal and propanone)

Question 31

Geometric isomerism definition

Answer 31

(E-Z isomers), they have the same molecular and structural formula but have a different arrangement of the bonds in space.

Question 32

Why does stereoisomerism occur?

Answer 32

It occurs because there is no rotation around the Carbon = Carbon double bond

Question 33

What is the problem with the sizes of the molecules in crude oil?

Answer 33

It is made up of much more big and medium sized molecules than the mos=re useful smaller molecules.

Question 34

What are the 3 main stages of fractional distillation?

Answer 34

1) Crude oil is heated to about 400 degrees 2) Oil vapours enter the bottom of the fractioning column and start to rise up 3) As the vapours rise, they cool and condense back to liquid at different times (depending on the boiling point)

Question 35

Cracking definition

Answer 35

The process of talking larger, less useful hydrocarbon molecules and breaking them down to form smaller more useful molecules Big Alkanes --> Smaller Alkanes + Alkenes + Hydrogen

Question 36

Thermal cracking conditions and what it produces

Answer 36

High temperature (800 degrees) and high pressure (700kPa). produces a high percentage of alkenes and uses a free radical mechanism

Question 37

Catalytic cracking conditions and what it produces

Answer 37

High temperature (450 degrees) and slight pressure, zeolite catalyst and produces mainly branched chain alkanes used as motor fuels