Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

🌟my own psych > organic disorders > Flashcards

organic disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is the definition of OD?

A

due to common, demonstrable aetiology in cerebral disease, brain injury, or other insult leading to cerebral dysfunction”

Acquired (differentiation from intellectual disability)
Distinction from from “functional” mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a primary OD?

A

direct effect on the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a secondary OD?

A

systemic diseases that affect the brain in addition to other systems/organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 organic disorders?

A

Schizophrenia,
bipolar affective disorder,
melancholia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 examples of acute/sub acute OD disorders?

A

Delirium
Organic mood disorder
Organic psychotic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 examples of chronic OD disorder

A

Dementia

Amnesic syndrome

Organic personality change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

symptoms of Delirium Tremens

A

fluctuating confusion

disorientation in time & place

memory impairment

psychotic phenomena, e.g. hallucinations, delusional thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to treat delirium tremens?

A

benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of Wernike’s Encephalopathy?

A

Acute Confusional State
Ataxia
Opthalmoplegia
Nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

differential of Wernike’s Encephalopathy

A

delirium tremens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do 84% of people with wernike’s encephalopathy develop later on?

A

Korsakoff psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Wernike’s Encephalopathy/ Korsakoff Syndrome from?

A

Thiamine

(vitamin B1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of Wernike’s Encephalopathy/ Korsakoff Syndrome

A

High potency parenteral B1 replacement
3-7 days
Oral thiamine

Avoid carbohydrate load until thiamine replacement completed
All patients with symptoms of Wernike’s encephalopathy or at high risk should be treated with parenteral thiamine, others undergoing detoxification or under investigation should be commenced on oral thiamine

Concurrent treatment for alcohol withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alcohol Amnesic Syndrome (Korsakoff’s psychosis) symptoms?

A

characterised by marked impairment of anterograde memory (ability to learn new information), disturbance of time sense

no clouding of consciousness, absence of defect in immediate recall or global impairment

variable degrees of cognitive impairment

Personality changes, apathy, loss of initiative
confabulation in the early stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when do you see hepatic encephalopathy?

A

normally seen in advanced alcohol liver disease

related to build up of toxic products (e.g. ammonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hepatic encephalopathy symptoms?

A

general psychomotor retardation, drowsiness
fluctuating levels of confusion

improves as liver function recovers

17
Q

what is the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 for?

A

a person is unable to make a decision for him/herself if, due to mental disorder or inability to communicate because of physical disability, he/she is incapable of

-acting; or

-making decision; or
communicating decisions; or
-understanding decisions; or
-retaining the memory of decisions.

18
Q

What are the types of dementia?

A

-Alzheimer

-Vascular
(Mixed)

  • Lewy body
  • Frontotemporal
  • Due to other brain disorders:
  • Huntington’s chorea
  • Head injury
  • Parkinson’s disease
19
Q

symptoms of Dementia?

A
  • progressive onset
  • long term symptomatology
  • Mood variations
  • Patient tries to answer amnesia
  • constant cognitive decline
20
Q

symtpoms of Depressive pseudo dementia

A
  • rapid onset
  • short term symptomatology
  • consistently depressed mood
  • Short answers; “I don’t know”, negativism
  • Highlighting amnesia
  • Fluctuating cognitive impairment
21
Q

what is Anti-NMDA Receptor encephalitis

A

Ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in synaptic plasticity and memory function

22
Q

what disorder is Anti-NMDA Receptor encephalitis associated with?

A

Around half associated with malignancy

23
Q

what does Anti-nada receptor encephalitis usually present with?

A

Often presents initially with psychiatric symptoms

24
Q

Anti-nada receptor encephalitis treatment

A

Immunotherapy and tumour resection if indicated

IVIg, plasmapheresis, rituximab

25
Q

prognosis of Anti-nada receptor encephalitis

A

Prognosis, with treatment, generally good

26
Q

what is delirium?

A

aetiologically nonspecific syndrome characterised by concurrent disturbances of consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behaviour, emotion, and the sleep-wake cycle

27
Q

presenting features of delirium?

A

Impairment of consciousness and attention

Global disturbance of cognition

Psychomotor disturbances

Disturbance of sleep-wake cycle

Emotional disturbance

Rapid onset

Diurnally fluctuating

Duration less than 6 months

28
Q

physical signs of delirium?

A

Due to underlying cause

Autonomic activation: tachycardia,
hypertension, diaphoresis, dilated pupils, fever

Dysgraphia often evident

29
Q

causes of delirium?

A

meds

drug abuse
withdrawal symptoms

metabolic

vitamin deficiency

Endocrinopathies

neurological causes

toxin and industrial exposures

30
Q

pathophysiology mechanism causes of delirium?

A

unclear

GABAergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems?
Central cholinergic deficiency?
Increased risk associated with GABAa agonists and anticholinergic drugs
Increased dopaminergic activity?
Direct neurotoxic effect of inflammatory cytokines?

31
Q

delirium vs functional psychosis

A

Almost always accompanied by clouding of consciousness

Thinking more concrete than abstract

Generally more transient, may change, in response to environmental stimuli, unsystematised and persecutory

Impairment of cognitive functions

Predominance of visual hallucinations

Functional psychosis:
No clouding of consciousness

Thinking often more abstract

Delusions often systematised

No impairment of cognitive functions

Predominance of auditory hallucinations

32
Q

things that can contribute to delirium?

A 
Disorientation
Dehydration
Constipation
Hypoxia
Immobility/limited mobility
Infection
Multiple medications
Pain
Poor nutrition
Sensory impairment
Sleep disturbance
33
Q

environmental and supportive measures of delirium?

A

Education of relatives, medical and nursing staff
Make environment safe
Optimise stimulation
Orientation

34
Q

meds for delirium?

A

Antipsychotics –
rispirdone
none better than any other. Caution in withdrawal
states – seizure risk

Benzodiazepines –
lorazepam can prolong delirium

Promethazine – anticholinergic; sedative but can worsen delirium, caution in elderly

35
Q

when to avoid antipsychotics in delirium?

A

alcohol/drug withdrawal states unless patient well covered with benzodiazepines due to lowering of seizure threshold

🌟my own psych (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions