Organic Definitions + Formulae Flashcards
What is an addition reaction?
A reaction where a molecule joins to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule
What are aliphatics?
Aliphatics are organic compounds containing C chains and branches
What are aromatics?
Aromatics are organic compounds containing C one or more benzene ring(s)
What is a carbocation?
A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom
What is a cyclic?
These are organic compounds containing C rings (not aromatic rings) also called alicyclic
What is dehydration?
The elimination of water
What is dehydrogenation?
The elimination of hydrogen
What is an electrophile?
An electrophile is a lone pair acceptor
What is an elimination reaction?
A reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule
What are free radicals?
Free radicals are species with an unpaired electron
What are functional groups?
What are examples of functional groups?
The atom or group of atoms that are responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule
Functional groups: hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino
What is the homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.
In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties
What is hydration?
Hydration is the addition of water
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction involving the breaking of bonds due to a reaction with water
What is a nucleophile?
A lone pair donor
What is organic chemistry?
The study of compounds containing carbon
What does it mean for a molecule to be “saturated”?
This means a molecule that contains no double bonds
What are stereoisomers?
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
What are two different types of stereoisomers?
E-Z isomers and Optical isomers
What are E-Z isomers?
What are Optical isomers?
E-Z isomers are molecules which have different arrangements of groups around C=C
Optical isomers are molecules which are non - superimposable mirror images
What are structural isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
What are the three different types of structural isomers?
Chain isomers, Position isomers and Functional group isomers
What are chain isomers?
Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain
What are position isomers?
Structural isomers that differ by having the functional group in a different position
What are functional group isomers?
Structural isomers that differ by having a different functional group
What is a substitution reaction?
A reaction where an atom/group replaces another atom/group
What is an unsaturated molecule?
An unsaturated molecule is a molecule containing double bond(s)
