Nomenclature - naming organic compounds Flashcards
What is a systematic name?
Systematic names tell us about the structures of the compounds rather than just the formula
List all the root names, depending on the number of carbon atoms:
START POINT: meth- = 1 carbon atom
1 carbon atom = METH-
2 carbon atom = ETH-
3 carbon atom = PROP-
4 carbon atom = BUT-
5 carbon atom = HEPT-
6 carbon atom = HEX-
7 carbon atom = SEPT-
8 carbon atom = OCT-
9 carbon atom = NON-
10 carbon atom = DEC-
What is the additional prefix hydrocarbon rings have?
Hydrocarbon ring molecules will have additional the prefix, “cyclo”
What are functional groups?
Reactive groups which are attached to organic compounds, which react the same way no matter the length of the hydrocarbon
What are the suffixes of all these family groups?
1)Alkanes
2)Alkenes
3)Halogenoalkanes
4)Alcohols
5)Aldehydes
6)Ketones
7)Carboxylic acids
1)Alkanes = -ANE
2)Alkenes = -ENE
3)Halogenoalkanes = THERE IS NO SUFFIX
4)Alcohols = -OL
5)Aldehydes = -AL
6)Ketones = -ONE
7)Carboxylic acids = -OIC ACID
What is used to state the position of a side group/functional group? What is the term to describe this “thing” used to position side groups/functional groups?
A number (locant) is used to tell us the position of any branching functional group in a chain
What are structural isomers?
Structural isomers are organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
How would you show there was more than one substituting group on an organic compound?
More than one of the same substituting group would be shown by adding a prefi like di-, tri- or tetra- to show the number of groups present
What is the general formula for alkanes?
What is the general formula for alkenes?
Alkanes: Cn H2n+2
Alkenes: Cn H2n
What does the length of a carbon chain have little effect on?
What does the length of a carbon chain have an affect on?
The length of the carbon chain has little effect on the chemical reactivity of the functional group
The length of the carbon chain affects physical properties, like melting points, boiling points and solubility
What happens to the melting and boiling points as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases, and why?
The melting and boiling points increase by a small amount as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases because of an increase in the intermolecular forces
How does the branching of chains affect their melting and boiling points?
Boiling points and melting points decreases because there are fewer intermolecular forces between the molecules due to the branching between the chains. The branching between the chains prevents the chains from packing closer together
