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Biology REM > Organic Compounds & Enzymes > Flashcards

Organic Compounds & Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 organic compounds?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Nucleic Acids
  4. Fats
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2
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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3
Q

What are the polymers of carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides

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4
Q

What are the monomers of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

What are the levels of peptide bond formation?

A
  1. Peptide: two or more amino acids joining together.
  2. Polypeptide: chains of many amino acids joining together.
  3. Protein: made up of one or more polypeptides.
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6
Q

What are the protein structures?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
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7
Q

What are nucleic acids responsible for?

A

Storage, expression and transmission of genetic information. Nucleic acids have a role in directing protein synthesis.

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8
Q

What are the two classes of nucleic acids?

A
  1. DNA
  2. RNA
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9
Q

What are the two families of nitrogenous bases?

A
  1. Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, guanine ( single six membered ring )
  2. Purine: adenine and guanine (six membered ring + five membered ring)
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10
Q

What are the monomers of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

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11
Q

What is the flow of genetic information (Central Dogma)?

A

Each gene along a DNA molecule is responsible for directing the synthesis of messenger RNA.
mMRNA is in charge of interacting with the cells protein synthesizing machinery to produce polypeptides.
(DNA -> RNA -> Protein)

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12
Q

What are the three classes of lipids?

A
  1. Fats
  2. Phospholipids
  3. Steroids
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13
Q

Why are lipids not considered true polymers?

A

They do not have true monomers

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14
Q

What are the monomers of fats?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids.

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15
Q

What are the monomers of phospholipids?

A

Glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate.

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16
Q

What is the function of phospholipid bilayer?

A

Regulates what comes in and out of the cell.

17
Q

What is steroids?

A

A carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings but do not contain fatty acids. Insoluble in water.

18
Q

What is a type of steroid?

A

Cholesterol & it could be used as a precursor for other steroids.

19
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.

20
Q

What is energy of activation?

A

The energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another.

21
Q

What are factors that affect enzymatic speed?

A
  1. Enzyme concentration.
  2. Substrate concentration.
  3. Temperature and pH. ( enzyme denatures and becomes inactive).

Biology REM (6 decks)

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