Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
What is the definition of single factor cross (Monohyrbids)?
Passing down of one character that has two variant forms of genes. (alleles)
What are the generations of single factor cross (Monohybrids)?
- P generation:
-true breeding parents. - F1 generation:
-offspring of P cross.
-monohybrids ( if parents differ in one trait.) - F2 generation:
-F1 self fertilizers.
-recessive trait appears.
What are Mendel’s 3 important ideas?
- Traits are dominant or recessive.
- Genes and alleles.
- genes: unit factor
-alleles: two variant forms (alternate form of a gene). - Segregation of alleles:
- two copies of a gene segregate from each other during the transmission from parent to offspring. Each sperm or egg carries one allele.
Whats a genotype?
- Definition:
-Genetic composition of an individual. - Example:
-HH: homozygous dominant.
What’s a phenotype?
- Definition:
-physical or behavioral characteristics that are a result of gene expression. - Example:
-TT and Tt are both tall.
What is the definition of two factor cross (Dihybrid cross)?
Follows inheritance of two different traits.
What are possible patters in two factor cross (Dihybrid cross)?
- Two genes are linked- variants found together in parents are always inherited as a unit.
- Two genes are independent- variants are randomly distributed.
What’s the locus?
Physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
What’s mendels law of independent assortment?
Random alignment of chromosome pairs during meiosis l leads to the independent assortment of genes found on different chromosomes. (Crossing over).
What is the definition of incomplete dominance?
Heterozygote shows intermediate phenotype. Neither allele is dominant.
What is the definition of codominance?
- Multiple alleles: three or more variants in a population.
- Phenotype depends on which two variants are inherited.
What can affect the phenotype of an individual?
The environment plays a vital role in affecting the phenotype of an individual.
