Organic Compounds Flashcards
What do organic compounds have?
High proportion of carbon atoms
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Types of carbohydrates
Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Fructose
What is a monasaccharide
An individual sugar molecule
What are 2 monosaccharides
Disaccharide
What is many monosaccharides molecules called
Polysaccharide
What are monosaccharides in carbohydrates
Small organic molecules and are the building blocks due the larger carbohydrates
What is the general formula for monosaccharides
(CH2O)n
How do you know the names of monosaccharides
Determined by the number of carbon atoms (n) in the molecule
Give the names of the different monosaccharides
3 carbon atoms- Triose
4 carbon atoms- tetrose
5 carbon atoms- pentose
6 carbon atoms-hexose (glucose)
7 carbon atoms-heptose
What are all he is sugars formula
C6H12O6
What is an isomer?
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms
Same number of molecular formula but structurally different
What are the two isomers of glucose
Alpha and beta glucose
How do you know which glucose is a alpha or beta
Based on the position of OH and H
Does in alpha molecule does the hydrogen go above it below
What are the functions of monosaccharides?
—>A source of energy in respiration. Carbon- hydrogen and carbon-carbons are broken to release energy
—>Buildong blocks for larger molecules e.g glucose is used to make the polysaccharides of starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin
—>constituents of nucleotides
What is the condensation reaction?
Monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reaction
A molecule of water is released and a glycosidic bond forms between the two monosaccharides
When they join a molecule of water is removed (check)
What is hydroplasis
When water is added to disaccharide under suitable conditions, breaks the glucose bond
What does the monosaccharides glucose +glucose make and the biological role?
Maltose
Used in germinating seeds
What does the monosaccharides glucose +fructose make and the biological role?
Sucrose
Transport in phloem of flowering plants
What does the monosaccharides glucose+ galactose make and the biological role?
Lactose
In mammalian milk
What are disaccharides
Composed of two monosaccharide units bonded together with the formation of a glycosidic bond and eliminate water. Also an example of a condensation reaction
How do you test for the presence of sugars?
Reducing sugars are sugars that can donate an electron
Benedict’s test detects reducing sugars in a solution.
The reducing sugar donates an electron to reduce copper (II) ions in copper sulphate solution, which is blue
The Cu (II) ions are reduced to Cu(II) ions in copper sulphate solution, which is blue. The Cu(II) ions are reduced to Cu(I) ions in red copper oxide
Cu2+ + e- ——->Cu+
Describe the Benedict’s reagent test
1)heat the solution to at least 70 degrees
2)if reducing sugar, such as glucose is present, the solution will change colour from blue/green/yellow/orange/brick red precipitate forms
Does not tell you the actual concentration of the reducing sugar- qualitative test
Give examples of reducing sugars
All monosaccharides and some disaccharides e.g maltose
