Organic Compounds

Question 1

What do organic compounds have?

Answer 1

High proportion of carbon atoms

Question 2

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 3

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 3

Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Fructose

Question 4

What is a monasaccharide

Answer 4

An individual sugar molecule

Question 5

What are 2 monosaccharides

Answer 5

Disaccharide

Question 6

What is many monosaccharides molecules called

Answer 6

Polysaccharide

Question 7

What are monosaccharides in carbohydrates

Answer 7

Small organic molecules and are the building blocks due the larger carbohydrates

Question 8

What is the general formula for monosaccharides

Answer 8

(CH2O)n

Question 9

How do you know the names of monosaccharides

Answer 9

Determined by the number of carbon atoms (n) in the molecule

Question 10

Give the names of the different monosaccharides

Answer 10

3 carbon atoms- Triose
4 carbon atoms- tetrose
5 carbon atoms- pentose
6 carbon atoms-hexose (glucose)
7 carbon atoms-heptose

Question 11

What are all he is sugars formula

Answer 11

C6H12O6

Question 12

What is an isomer?

Answer 12

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different arrangement of atoms

Same number of molecular formula but structurally different

Question 13

What are the two isomers of glucose

Answer 13

Alpha and beta glucose

Question 14

How do you know which glucose is a alpha or beta

Answer 14

Based on the position of OH and H

Question 15

Does in alpha molecule does the hydrogen go above it below

Question 16

What are the functions of monosaccharides?

Answer 16

—>A source of energy in respiration. Carbon- hydrogen and carbon-carbons are broken to release energy

—>Buildong blocks for larger molecules e.g glucose is used to make the polysaccharides of starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin
—>constituents of nucleotides

Question 17

What is the condensation reaction?

Answer 17

Monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reaction

A molecule of water is released and a glycosidic bond forms between the two monosaccharides

When they join a molecule of water is removed (check)

Question 18

What is hydroplasis

Answer 18

When water is added to disaccharide under suitable conditions, breaks the glucose bond

Question 19

What does the monosaccharides glucose +glucose make and the biological role?

Answer 19

Maltose

Used in germinating seeds

Question 20

What does the monosaccharides glucose +fructose make and the biological role?

Answer 20

Sucrose
Transport in phloem of flowering plants

Question 21

What does the monosaccharides glucose+ galactose make and the biological role?

Answer 21

Lactose

In mammalian milk

Question 22

What are disaccharides

Answer 22

Composed of two monosaccharide units bonded together with the formation of a glycosidic bond and eliminate water. Also an example of a condensation reaction

Question 23

How do you test for the presence of sugars?

Answer 23

Reducing sugars are sugars that can donate an electron

Benedict’s test detects reducing sugars in a solution.
The reducing sugar donates an electron to reduce copper (II) ions in copper sulphate solution, which is blue

The Cu (II) ions are reduced to Cu(II) ions in copper sulphate solution, which is blue. The Cu(II) ions are reduced to Cu(I) ions in red copper oxide

Cu2+ + e- ——->Cu+

Question 24

Describe the Benedict’s reagent test

Answer 24

1)heat the solution to at least 70 degrees
2)if reducing sugar, such as glucose is present, the solution will change colour from blue/green/yellow/orange/brick red precipitate forms

Does not tell you the actual concentration of the reducing sugar- qualitative test

Question 25

Give examples of reducing sugars

Answer 25

All monosaccharides and some disaccharides e.g maltose