Chemical Elements- Biological Compounds Flashcards
Two types of ions
Organic and inorganic
What are all substances made out of
Atoms of elements
What are molecules
Made up of 2 or more atoms
What is an organic ion
Molecules that have a high proportion of carbon atoms
What is an inorganic ion?
Molecule/ion that has no more than one carbon atom
What are positively charged ions
Lost one or more electrons and have more protons than electrons
What are positively charged ions
Lost one or more electrons and have more protons than electrons
What is an ion with a negatively charged ion?
Gained one or more electron- and has more electrons than protons
What can molecules have?
Polar
Non polar
What is polar and non polar?
Polar- slight charge
Non polar- non charge
What are compounds made out of?
2 or more elements and can include metal and non metal
What do living organisms need?
A variety of inorganic ions to survive
What are inorganic ions also called?
Electrolytes or minerals
What are inorganic ions used for?
Lots of cellular processes e.g muscle contraction, Coordination
What are the macronutrients
There are 4 Macronutrients
Magnesium
Iron
Phosphate
Calcium
What are macronutrients
Needed in small concentration
What are macronutrients
Needed in small concentration
What is micronutrients
Needed in minute concentrations
What is magnesium used for?
Important constituent of chlorophyll and is essential for photosynthesis
What is magnesium used for in animals and plants
•Mammals need it for their bones
•Plants without magnesium in soil cannot make chlorophyll and the leaves turn yellow - a condition called chlorosis
Growth is often stunted from lack of glucose
What is iron?
Iron is a constituent of haemoglobin which transports oxygen in the red blood cells
What can a lack of iron in the diet lead to?
Anaemia
What is phosphate used for?
Used for making nucleotides (basic unit of nucleic acids/DNA) including ATP and are a constituent of phospholipids, found in biological membranes
What is calcium
Calcium like phosphate is an important structural component of:
Hardens not strengthens
•bones
•teeth
in mammals
is a component of cell walls providing strength
What property of water makes it cohesion
Water molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds. Individually these are weak, but when there is many they are stronger. The molecules stick together in a lattice.
Sticking together us called cohesion, it allows volumes to be drawn up the xylem vessels in plants
What property of water makes it cohesion
Water molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds. Individually these are weak, but when there is many they are stronger. The molecules stick together in a lattice.
Sticking together us called cohesion, it allows volumes to be drawn up the xylem vessels in plants
What property of water makes it have high surface tension
At normal temperature water has the highest surface tension or any liquids except mercury
In a pond cohesion between water particles at the surface produces surface tension so that the body of the insect is supported
What property of water makes it have high surface tension
At normal temperature water has the highest surface tension or any liquids except mercury
In a pond cohesion between water particles at the surface produces surface tension so that the body of the insect is supported
What property of water makes water have a high density
Water is denser than air as a habitat for aquatic organisms proving support and buoyancy
Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bond molecules are further apart— ice floats, ice is a good insulator and prevents large bodies of water loosing heat and completely freezing so organisms beneath survive
What property of water makes it transparent
Allows light to pass through so that aquatic plants can photosynthesise effectively
