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Biology As Unit 2 > Chemical Elements- Biological Compounds > Flashcards

Chemical Elements- Biological Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Two types of ions

A

Organic and inorganic

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2
Q

What are all substances made out of

A

Atoms of elements

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3
Q

What are molecules

A

Made up of 2 or more atoms

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4
Q

What is an organic ion

A

Molecules that have a high proportion of carbon atoms

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5
Q

What is an inorganic ion?

A

Molecule/ion that has no more than one carbon atom

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6
Q

What are positively charged ions

A

Lost one or more electrons and have more protons than electrons

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7
Q

What are positively charged ions

A

Lost one or more electrons and have more protons than electrons

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8
Q

What is an ion with a negatively charged ion?

A

Gained one or more electron- and has more electrons than protons

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9
Q

What can molecules have?

A

Polar
Non polar

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10
Q

What is polar and non polar?

A

Polar- slight charge
Non polar- non charge

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11
Q

What are compounds made out of?

A

2 or more elements and can include metal and non metal

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12
Q

What do living organisms need?

A

A variety of inorganic ions to survive

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13
Q

What are inorganic ions also called?

A

Electrolytes or minerals

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14
Q

What are inorganic ions used for?

A

Lots of cellular processes e.g muscle contraction, Coordination

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15
Q

What are the macronutrients

A

There are 4 Macronutrients
Magnesium
Iron
Phosphate
Calcium

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16
Q

What are macronutrients

A

Needed in small concentration

17
Q

What are macronutrients

A

Needed in small concentration

18
Q

What is micronutrients

A

Needed in minute concentrations

19
Q

What is magnesium used for?

A

Important constituent of chlorophyll and is essential for photosynthesis

20
Q

What is magnesium used for in animals and plants

A

•Mammals need it for their bones

•Plants without magnesium in soil cannot make chlorophyll and the leaves turn yellow - a condition called chlorosis
Growth is often stunted from lack of glucose

21
Q

What is iron?

A

Iron is a constituent of haemoglobin which transports oxygen in the red blood cells

22
Q

What can a lack of iron in the diet lead to?

A

Anaemia

23
Q

What is phosphate used for?

A

Used for making nucleotides (basic unit of nucleic acids/DNA) including ATP and are a constituent of phospholipids, found in biological membranes

24
Q

What is calcium

A

Calcium like phosphate is an important structural component of:
Hardens not strengthens
•bones
•teeth
in mammals
is a component of cell walls providing strength

25
Q

What property of water makes it cohesion

A

Water molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds. Individually these are weak, but when there is many they are stronger. The molecules stick together in a lattice.

Sticking together us called cohesion, it allows volumes to be drawn up the xylem vessels in plants

26
Q

What property of water makes it cohesion

A

Water molecules attract each other forming hydrogen bonds. Individually these are weak, but when there is many they are stronger. The molecules stick together in a lattice.

Sticking together us called cohesion, it allows volumes to be drawn up the xylem vessels in plants

27
Q

What property of water makes it have high surface tension

A

At normal temperature water has the highest surface tension or any liquids except mercury

In a pond cohesion between water particles at the surface produces surface tension so that the body of the insect is supported

28
Q

What property of water makes it have high surface tension

A

At normal temperature water has the highest surface tension or any liquids except mercury

In a pond cohesion between water particles at the surface produces surface tension so that the body of the insect is supported

29
Q

What property of water makes water have a high density

A

Water is denser than air as a habitat for aquatic organisms proving support and buoyancy
Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bond molecules are further apart— ice floats, ice is a good insulator and prevents large bodies of water loosing heat and completely freezing so organisms beneath survive

30
Q

What property of water makes it transparent

A

Allows light to pass through so that aquatic plants can photosynthesise effectively

Biology As Unit 2 (4 decks)

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