Organic Compounds

Question 0

Carbon is a _________ element, meaning it can create millions of compounds in various ways.

Answer 0

Versatile

Question 1

Carbon has the ability to form _____,_____, and _______ bonds.

Answer 1

Single, double, triple

Question 2

Carbon can have compounds shaped as ______ and ______.

Answer 2

rings, chains

Question 3

This element has to be present for a compound to be considered “organic”.

Answer 3

Carbon

Question 4

there are ____ categories of organic compounds important to living things.

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Carbon will bond with _______ other elements

Answer 5

most or many

Question 6

Small, single unit carbon compounds.

Answer 6

Monomers

Question 7

These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) and include sugar and starch.

Answer 7

carbohydrates

Question 8

simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

complex sugars and starches.

Answer 9

polysaccharides

Question 10

these are composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen,often called hydrocarbons.

Answer 10

lipids

Question 11

these are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus and are involved in genetics.

Answer 11

nucleic acids

Question 12

these are built by linking subunits called Amino Acids together.

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

This macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things.

Answer 13

carbohydrates

Question 14

storing energy, not being soluble in water, and having effects on metabolism are properties of…

Answer 14

lipids

Question 15

storing genetic information in a double stranded helix is the job of…

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

transmitting genetic information in single stranded compound is the job of….

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

reactions that occur in living things

Answer 17

biochemical

Question 18

reactions in living things that break down materials

Answer 18

catabolic

Question 19

reactions in living things that build materials

Answer 19

anabolic

Question 20

this is any substance that can speed up a chemical reaction

Answer 20

catalyst

Question 21

a protein that acts as a catalyst by lowering the amount activation energy needed.

Answer 21

enzyme

Question 22

the area on an enzyme where the reaction takes place.

Answer 22

active site

Question 23

the substance an enzyme binds with.

Answer 23

substrate

Question 24

what three things affect enzyme function?

Answer 24

temperature, pH, and inhibitors.

Question 25

this type of inhibitor races to block the active site.

Answer 25

competitive

Question 25

These are carbon compounds made by linking monomers together.

Answer 25

Polymers

Question 25

These are very large carbon compounds made from polymers.

Answer 25

Macromolecules

Question 25

These are double sugars, such as sucrose and lactose

Answer 25

Disaccharides

Question 26

this type of inhibitor binds away from the active site and commonly shuts off/deactivates an enzyme.

Answer 26

non-competitive

Question 27

This reaction builds polymers by removing water.

Answer 27

Condensation.

Question 28

This reaction breaks apart polymers by adding water.

Answer 28

Hydrolysis

Question 29

This is animal starch...stored in muscles and the liver.

Answer 29

Glycogen

Question 30

This is plant starch...often called fiber. It's tough and flexible to give plants support.

Answer 30

Cellulose

Question 30

This has three fatty acids and a glycerol.

Answer 30

Triglyceride

Question 30

This lipid has two fatty acids, a glycerol, and a phosphate group.

Answer 30

Phospholipid

Question 30

This lipid is composed of two long chains, one is a fatty acid the other is an alcohol.

Answer 30

Wax

Question 30

This category of lipid are made of carbon rings with functional groups. Most are hormones.

Answer 30

Steroids.

Question 30

This kind of lipid has no double bonds and usually come from animals.

Answer 30

Saturated

Question 30

This type of lipid has one or more double bonds and usually come from plants.

Answer 30

Unsaturated

Question 30

This is the name of the reaction when an enzyme binds with its substrate.

Answer 30

Induced fit

Question 30

There are 20 of these and when they bond together using peptide bonds they form polypeptide chains called proteins.

Answer 30

Amino acids

Question 31

Carbon compounds can have these....they determine some of the compounds properties.

Answer 31

Functional groups

Question 32

Carbon has ____ electrons in its outer most energy level that it can share to form strong covalent bonds.

Answer 32

4

Question 33

This is the type of bonds that link Amino Acids together to form proteins.

Answer 33

Peptide bonds (proteins are polypeptides!)

Question 35

This is composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group.

Answer 35

Fatty acid