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Biology > Atoms & Water > Flashcards

Atoms & Water Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

We study chemistry in biology because…

A

All living things are made of matter!

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1
Q

This is the study of matter.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

This is anything that has mass and occupies space.

A

Matter

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3
Q

This is the simplest particle of matter that still retains all the properties of that substance.

A

Atom

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4
Q

This is a substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler and contains only one type of atom.

A

Element

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5
Q

This particle is negatively charged, very small, moves fast, and is found in orbitals ( based on energy level)around the nucleus.

A

Electron

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6
Q

This particle has no charge, contributes to the mass of an atom, and is found in the nucleus.

A

Neutron

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7
Q

This particle has a positive charge, determines the atomic number, and is found in the nucleus.

A

Proton

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8
Q

This is an atom with an different number of neutrons.

A

Isotope

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9
Q

When two or more elements are combined in fixed proportions.

A

Compound

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10
Q

Compounds are held together with:

A

Chemical bonds

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11
Q

Compounds will have _________ properties from the elements that compose them.

A

Different

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12
Q

This type of chemical bond shares electrons forming molecules.

A

Covalent

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13
Q

This type of bond transfers electron in a “give & take” fashion, making ions.

A

Ionic

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14
Q

Ions are atoms with a:

A

Charge

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15
Q

This is the ability to do work.

A

Energy

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16
Q

Chemical energy in biology is called

A

Metabolism

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17
Q

Mechanical energy in biology is

A

Motion…muscles at work!

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18
Q

Electrical energy in biology is:

A

Neurology (nerve cells)

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19
Q

Thermal energy in biology is:

A

Heat

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20
Q

This state of matter has low energy, definite shape, and definite volume.

A

Solid

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21
Q

This state of matter has high energy, is free to move, so there is really no definite shape or volume.

A

Gas

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22
Q

This state of matter has moderate energy, has a definite volume, but will take the shape of its container.

A

Liquid

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23
Q

This kind of reaction absorbs/takes in energy.

A

Endothermic

24
Q

This is the process of changing one or more substances into one or more different substances.

A

Chemical reaction.

25
Q

This type of reaction releases/gives off energy.

A

Exothermic

26
Q

This is the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

A

Activation

27
Q

This is a stimulus that will lower the activation energy needed for a reaction.

A

Catalyst

28
Q

What are the two parts of a Redox reaction?

A

Oxidation and reduction

29
Q

This is the loss of an electron

A

Oxidation

30
Q

This is the gain of an electron

A

Reduction

31
Q

Water is called a polar molecule because of its:

A

Uneven distribution of electrons

32
Q

Because water is polar it has a:

A

Charge. O side is - and H side is +

33
Q

Water forms this kind of bond due to the slight + attraction to something with a slight -.

A

Hydrogen

34
Q

This is the property of water sticking to other water

A

Cohesion

35
Q

This is the property of water sticking to other substances/surfaces

A

Adhesion

36
Q

Cohesion gives water __________, which allows some things to walk on water…also makes belly flops hurt

A

Surface tension

38
Q

Adhesion makes water extremely sticky, this is apparent in the property of __________, where water moves upward against gravity.

A

Capillarity or Capillary Action

38
Q

Temperature regulation is important to living things because

A

Water won’t change temperature quickly

39
Q

This is water’s ability to absorb large quantities of heat.

A

Temperature regulation due to high specific heat.

40
Q

When forming a solid, water is weird…it will…

A

Expand

41
Q

Ice is less dense than water. This helps living things because ice can _______ in water.

A

Float

42
Q

Water is able to form many ________, due to its ability to combine with many other substances.

A

Solutions

43
Q

This does the dissolving

A

Solvent

44
Q

This gets dissolved

A

Solute

45
Q

This is when there is less solute than solvent

A

Unsaturated

46
Q

This is when the solvent has dissolved all the solute, it’s balanced

A

Saturated

47
Q

This is when there is way too much solute

A

Super-saturated

48
Q

Water can __________, making H+ and OH-

A

Ionize

49
Q

OH- is called the

A

Hydroxide ion

50
Q

H+ is called the

A

Hydroium ion (Hydrogen ion)

51
Q

This is a substance that forms H+ ions in solution

A

Acid

52
Q

This is a substance that forms OH- ions in solution

A

Base

53
Q

This measures the concentration of ions in a solution

A

pH

54
Q

0-6 is

A

Acid

55
Q

7 is

A

Neutral

56
Q

8-14 is

A

Base

57
Q

These are weak acids and bases added to solutions to help control the pH

A

Buffers

Biology (8 decks)

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