Cell Replication & Genetics

Question 1

This is the type of cell replication used by eukaryotic cells.

Answer 1

The cell cycle.

Question 2

The form of the cell cycle is used by somatic cells to create exact copies of the parent cell.

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

This form of the cell cycle is used for germ cells (reproductive cells) and creates daughter cells with half the genetic information of the parent cell.

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

This is DNA wound around proteins called histones.

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

This is a supercoil of DNA ready for cell replication.

Answer 5

Chromosome

Question 6

This is a replicated chromosome.

Answer 6

Chromatid

Question 7

Two identical chromosomes held together by a centromere.

Answer 7

Sister chromatids

Question 8

The first phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

The phase during preparation where the cell grows to roughly double its size.

Answer 9

G1

Question 10

The phase during preparation when DNA is replicated.

Answer 10

S

Question 11

Period during preparation when organelles are replicated.

Answer 11

G2

Question 12

Mitosis is the division of…

Answer 12

The nucleus

Question 13

A human somatic cell has a diploid number of

Answer 13

46 chromosomes

Question 14

After interphase a somatic cell has his number of chromosomes

Answer 14

92

Question 15

The first phase in mitosis is

Answer 15

Prophase

Question 16

During prophase these form, to act has anchors to guide chromosomes

Answer 16

Centrioles

Question 17

During prophase these form to act as ropes to facilitate the movement of chromosomes.

Answer 17

Spindle fibers

Question 18

This type of spindle fiber keeps the centrioles at opposite ends of the cell.

Answer 18

Polar fibers

Question 19

This type of spindle fiber is attached to the chromosomes and controls their movement.

Answer 19

Kinetochore fibers

Question 20

Chromosomes are formed during this phase and are paired with their “sister”.

Answer 20

Prophase

Question 21

This is the phase where the nuclear membrane breaks down.

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

This is the phase where sister chromatids are moved to the center of the cell.

Answer 22

Metaphase

Question 23

This is the phase where the centromeres break, separating the sister chromatids.

Answer 23

Anaphase

Question 24

During this phase, the chromosomes relax, the spindle fibers retract, the nuclear membrane reappears, and the cell begins to pinch in.

Answer 24

Telophase

Question 25

This is literally the "separation of the cytoplasm". The process that creates daughter cells.

Answer 25

Cytokinesis

Question 26

At the end of cytokinesis, somatic daughter cells have this many chromosomes.

Answer 26

46

Question 27

Meiosis differs in that there are this many divisions of the nucleus.

Answer 27

2

Question 28

At the end of cytokinesis, germ cells have this many chromosomes

Answer 28

23 (haploid)

Question 29

This is a unique feature to meiosis, it occurs in metaphase I, it's when the homologous chromosomes pair up.

Answer 29

Synapsis

Question 30

During metaphase I, this phenomenon of swapping genetic information can occur.

Answer 30

Crossing over

Question 31

At the end of the meiosis cell cycle this type of cell is formed.

Answer 31

Gamete (egg and sperm)

Question 32

This is the process of forming male gametes, it's begins at puberty and continues for the males lifetime.

Answer 32

Spermatogenesis

Question 33

This is the process of forming female gametes. It begins at puberty and ends at menopause.

Answer 33

Oogenesis

Question 34

This is the process of passing down genetic information from one generation to the next.

Answer 34

Inheritance

Question 35

This is the study of inheritance

Answer 35

Genetics

Question 36

Any characteristic that varies among individuals in a population.

Answer 36

Trait

Question 37

The segment of DNA that codes for a trait or protein.

Answer 37

Gene

Question 38

The genetic composition of a trait

Answer 38

Genotype

Question 39

The physical appearance of a trait

Answer 39

Phenotype

Question 40

A variation of a gene

Answer 40

Allele

Question 41

An allele that has the ability to mask another allele. Given a capital letter.

Answer 41

Dominant

Question 42

An allele that can be hidden. Given a lowercase letter.

Answer 42

Recessive

Question 43

When the alleles for a trait are the same.

Answer 43

Homozygous

Question 44

When the alleles for a trait are different

Answer 44

Heterozygous

Question 45

When plants self-pollinate creating "pure" organisms.

Answer 45

True-breeding

Question 46

Cross-pollination of plants with opposite traits.

Answer 46

Cross breeding

Question 47

Offspring that are the product of parents with opposing traits

Answer 47

Hybrid

Question 48

Plant species Mendel used

Answer 48

Peas

Question 49

This principle stated that some alleles had the ability to cover up others. You see one phenotype, but the allele for the other is still there...just hidden.

Answer 49

Dominance and recessiveness

Question 50

This principle states that alleles for a trait separate during the formation of gametes. Offspring get half from mom and half from dad.

Answer 50

Segregation

Question 51

This principle states that the selection of an allele is done at random, there is no pattern.

Answer 51

Independent assortment

Question 52

This is when the dominant allele doesn't fully cover the recessive and in the heterozygous you see an intermediate phenotype.

Answer 52

Incomplete dominance

Question 53

This is when the dominant and recessive alleles both show in the phenotype.

Answer 53

Co-dominance

Question 54

When 3 or more alleles control a trait

Answer 54

Multiple alleles

Question 55

When more than one gene is involved in the expression of a trait

Answer 55

Polygenetic

Question 56

When sister chromatids fail to separate correctly or DNA is copied incorrectly

Answer 56

Genetic disorder

Question 57

The manipulation of an organisms DNA

Answer 57

Genetic engineering

Question 58

This is the type of cell replication used by bacteria and other prokaryotes.

Answer 58

Binary fission