Organic Compounds

Question 1

study of compounds that contain the
element carbon

Answer 1

Organic Chemistry

Question 2

some common products of organic chemistry used in medicine

Answer 2

1. Oral Contraceptives
2. Plastic Syringes
3. Antibiotics
4. . Synthetic Heart Valves

Question 3

formerly considered as compounds that are derived from living things

Answer 3

Organic Compounds

Question 4

formerly considered as compounds that are impossible to synthesize

Answer 4

Organic Compounds

Question 5

a compound known to be excreted by mammals — by
heating ammonium cyanate, an inorganic mineral.

Answer 5

urea

synthesized by Friedrich Wöhler

Question 6

Properties

contain carbon atoms

Answer 6

ALL organic compounds

Question 7

Properties

contain
hydrogen atoms

Answer 7

MOST organic compounds

Question 8

Properties

What compounds are exceptions to the general rule that all organic compounds contain carbon atoms and most contain hydrogen atoms?

Answer 8

1. carbonate
2. carbide
3. CO
4. CO2
5. cyanide
6. thiocyanate

Question 9

Properties

What types of bonds does carbon form with other carbon atoms?

Answer 9

single, double, and triple bonds

Question 10

Properties

the linkage of atoms of the same element into longer chains

Answer 10

Catenation

Question 11

Properties

How many single bonds does a carbon atom surrounded by four atoms typically form?

Answer 11

four single bonds

Question 12

Describe the bonding of each carbon atom in ethane, specifying the number and type of bonds with hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Answer 12

1. Each carbon atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom.
2. All bonds are single bonds.

Question 13

What kind of bond does a carbon atom form when surrounded by three atoms, and how many bonds does it create?

Answer 13

one double bond

Question 14

In ethylene, describe the bonding configuration of each carbon atom, including the number and type of bonds with hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Answer 14

1. Each carbon atom is surrounded by three atoms—two hydrogens and one carbon.
2. Each carbon forms a single bond with each hydrogen atom and a double bond with the carbon atom.

Question 15

What kind of bond does a carbon atom form when surrounded by two atoms, and how many bonds does it create?

Answer 15

one triple bond

Question 16

In acetylene, describe the bonding configuration of each carbon atom, including the number and type of bonds with hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Answer 16

1. Each carbon atom is surrounded by two atoms—one hydrogen and one carbon.
2. Each carbon forms a single bond to hydrogen and a triple bond to carbon.

Question 17

Properties

Describe the structure of organic compounds.

Answer 17

Some have chains of atoms and some have rings.

Examples: propane (chains)
cyclopropane (rings)

Question 18

Properties

any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen in organic compounds

Answer 18

Heteroatom

Question 19

most common heteroatoms

Answer 19

1. nitrogen
2. oxygen
3. halogens (F, Cl, Br, and I).

Question 20

forms a characteristic number of bonds,
determined by its location in the periodic table

Answer 20

Heteroatom

Question 21

have nonbonding, lone pairs of
electrons, so that each atom is surrounded by eight electrons.

Answer 21

common heteroatoms

Question 22

number of bonds + number of lone pairs =

Answer 22

4

which is equivalent to eight (octet) electrons

Question 23

number of bonds: 1
number of lone pairs: 0

Answer 23

Hydrogen

Question 24

number of bonds: 4
number of lone pairs: 0

Answer 24

Carbon

Question 25

number of bonds: 3
number of lone pairs: 1

Answer 25

Nitrogen

Question 26

number of bonds: 2
number of lone pairs: 2

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

number of bonds: 1
number of lone pairs: 3

Answer 27

Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)

Question 28

Why are there many organic compounds?

Answer 28

They are abundant because carbon can easily form four strong bonds, both with itself and other elements. This enables carbon atoms to combine in different ways, creating complex structures like rings and chains.

Question 29

Properties

Enumerate the properties of Organic Compounds.

Answer 29

1. covalent bonding within molecules
2. generally weak forces b/w molecules
3. gases, liquids, or low-melting-point solids
4. often flammable
5. often low solubility in water
6. nonconductor
7. usually slow rate of chemical reactions

Question 30

Enumerate the properties of Inorganic Compounds.

Answer 30

1. often ionic bonding within molecules
2. quite strong forces b/w molecules
3. usually high-melting-point solids
4. usually nonflammable
5. often high solubility in water
6. conductor
7. usually fast rate of chemical reactions