Organic Compound Functional Groups

Question 1

Alcohol

Answer 1

Hydroxyl group @ end (-OH)

• Parent(-OH)
  eg. Beverages, rubbing alcohol

Question 2

Ether

Answer 2

Oxygen atom bonded btwn 2 C atoms

• Parent-C-O-C-
  eg. Anesthetics (inhibit pain signals to brain but they cause nausea)

Question 3

Thiol

Answer 3

• SH bonded to a C atom
• Parent -C-SH
  eg. strong odors (garlic, onion), used to detect gas leaks

Question 4

Aldehyde

Answer 4

Carbonyl group (C=O) + at least 1 H atom
             O
             II
-Parent -CH
eg. Flavoring in food/fragrances

Question 5

Ketone

Answer 5

Carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to 2 other C atoms
               O
               II
-Parent-C-C-C
eg. Acetone, pyruvate

Question 6

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 6

Carboxyl group: carbonyl group (C=O) + hydroxide group (-OH)
            O
            II
-Parent-C-OH
eg. Acidic (vinegar)

Question 7

Ester

Answer 7

Contains Carboxyl group btwn C atoms
           O
            II
-Parent-C-O-
eg. Aspirin, wintergreen

Question 8

Amine

Answer 8

Functional group is N
I
-Parent-N-
eg. Amino acid

Question 9

Amide

Answer 9

Carbonyl group + amine
            O
            II  I
-Parent-C-N-
eg. Penicillin

Question 10

Aromatic Compound

Answer 10

eg. Benzene ring C6H6
- “cyclohexane” ring w/alternating double bonds
- unreactive & very stable
- resonance: alternating double bonds can move freely about the ring
- smell pleasant; but toxic