Naming Organic Compounds

Question 1

Molecular Formula

Answer 1

Stating the elements and how many

eg. C3H8

Question 2

Condensed Structure

Answer 2

Note each single C + #element

eg. CH3CH2CH3

Question 3

Lewis Structure

Expanded Structural Formula

Answer 3

Shows the connectivity of the atoms in a molecule, showing all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs of electrons.

Question 4

Skeletal Structure

Line-Bond

Answer 4

Each end/point on the line is an implied C atom

-bonds are drawn to note other atoms in the molecule

Question 5

Ball and Stick

Answer 5

3D structure of atoms in a molecule

Question 6

Conformational Isomers

Answer 6

• SAME molecular formula
• SAME NAME
• may look different

Question 7

Structural Isomers

Answer 7

• SAME molecular formula
• DIFF connectivity of atoms
• thus DIFF name

Question 8

Functional Isomers

Answer 8

• SAME molecular formula
• DIFF name
• DIFF functional group

Question 9

Substituents

Answer 9

• attached to carbon chains
• substituent C is missing 1 H so is an Alkyl group
• must be numbered from shortest end
  eg. 2-methylbutane

Question 10

Non-hydrocarbon Substituents

Answer 10

First couple syllables + name of carbon chain

eg. 2-Fluorobutane

Question 11

Meth-

Answer 11

1 C atom

Question 12

Eth-

Answer 12

2 C atoms

Question 13

Prop-

Answer 13

3 C atoms

Question 14

But-

Answer 14

4 C atoms

Question 15

Pent-

Answer 15

5 C atoms

Question 16

Hex-

Answer 16

6 C atoms

Question 17

Hept-

Answer 17

7 C atoms

Question 18

Oct-

Answer 18

8 C atoms

Question 19

Non-

Answer 19

9 C atoms

Question 20

Dec-

Answer 20

10 C atoms

Question 21

General Steps

Answer 21

• name parent chain
• give priority to double/triple bond (lowest #)
• identify the substituents
• use lowest # combinations for the branches
  
  • if 2+ side chains are in equivalent positions, assign lowest # to the one alphabetically first (Bromo over Fluoro)
• for more than 1 of the same alkyl group use latin prefixes (di-, tri-, tetra-, etc)

Question 22

1+ of Same Alkyl Group

Answer 22

-prefixes ignored in alphabetical order
Di = 2
Tri = 3
Tetra = 4
etc

Question 23

Cyclic

Answer 23

Ring of hydrocarbons

Cyclo- parent chain

Question 24

Haloalkane

Answer 24

1+ halogen atoms + hydrocarbon chain

eg. -F, -Cl, -Br, -I

Question 25

Aromatic

Answer 25

Benzene ring

• C6H6 arranged in a hexagon w/H radiating outward
• alternating double bonds
  eg. CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH= (loop)