Ionic Compounds Flashcards
Ions
Atoms with electrical charges (+/-) due to loss or gain of ve-
Ionization Energy
Energy required to remove a ve- from an atom in its gaseous state
-Decreases going left and down the PT as the distance of ve- from nucleus increases (atomic radius) since it’s easier to snatch a ve- when the attraction of the nucleus is weak
Ionic Bond
Formed between 2 atoms where 1 atom gives or takes ve- from the other to form a stable, neutral ionic compound.
Ionic Compound Properties
- Consist of cations and anions.
- high melting and boiling points
- solid @ room temp
- overall charge of 0
Metals form…?
Cations, or positive ions.
Groups 1-3 have a charge of 1+ - 3+ since they have metallic character, large atomic size, and thus require little ionization energy to take their ve- away and usually a cation results.
Nonmetals form…?
Anions, or negative ions.
Groups 5-7 have a charge of 1- - 3- since they have ^ mass# and thus ^attraction for ve- and require more ionization energy to take ve- away from them. They tend to take ve- from metals instead, gaining e- and thus a negative charge results.
Naming Ions
Cation + ion
Eg. K+ : Potassium ion
Anion-ide + ion
Eg. Cl- : Chloride ion
Naming Ionic Compounds
Metal (variable charge) + Nonmetal-ide
Cation (variable charge) + Nonmetal-ide
Cation (v-charge) + polyatomic ion name
Crossover Formula
Cross the charges of the cation + anion to determine the ionic (chemical?) formula
Chemical Formula
Represents the Chemical symbols & subscripts in the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms that compose the compound.
Cation + Anion = 0
Eg. Mg 2+ x O 2- = Mg2O2 = MgO
[1(2+) + 1(2-) = 0]
Monoatomic Ion
An atom with a charge.
Polyatomic Ion
A group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall ionic charge.
- Most are Metal+Oxygen
- Most are anions with charges of 1-, 2-, or 3-
- Ammonium is the only common polyatomic ion with a positive charge (NH4 1+)
Transition Metal
Generally located in the middle of the PT and generally the metals of G3-7.
Some have a variable charge.
Variable Charge
Present in some transition metals and represented with Roman numerals in brackets after the cation in the Ionic Formula.
Eg. Cu2S : Copper (I) Sulfide
Ionic Formula
Written chemical formula for an ionic compound.
