Organic Chemisty - Hydrocarbons And Crude Oil

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Any molecule formed with carbon and hydrogen atoms only

Question 2

What is an alkane

Answer 2

Simplest form of of hydrocarbon. Chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms.

Question 3

What does it mean that alkanes are saturated

Answer 3

All atoms have formed bonds with as many other atoms as they can

Question 4

How many carbon atoms does butane, propane, ethane and methane have

Answer 4

Methane has 1
Ethane has 2
Propane has 3
Butane has 4

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

How does the length of the carbon chain of a hydrocarbon effect its viscous (runnyness)

Answer 6

Shorter, runneyer

Question 7

How does the length of the carbon chain of a hydrocarbon effect boiling point and flamidity

Answer 7

The shorter, the lower the boing point

The shorter, the more flammable

Question 8

What is the equation for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon

Answer 8

Hydrogen + oxygen = c20 + water vapour

Question 9

What is ment by complete combustion

Answer 9

All the carbon atoms are completely oxidized

Question 10

What is crude oil

Answer 10

Mixture of different compounds. Formed from the remains of plants and animals mainly plankton that was burroed in mud.

Most of the compounds are hydrocarbons and the majority of them are alkanes

Question 11

What are the right conditions for crude oils to form and how do we extract it

Answer 11

High temperature and pressure.

Drilled up from the rocks.

Question 12

How is crude oil separated and what are the groups of hydrocarbons called that condense at similar temperatures

Answer 12

Fractional distillation

Fractions

Question 13

What is crude oil use for

Answer 13

Fractions can be processed for fuel for most modern transport

Petrochemical industry uses some as a feedstock to make new compounds eg polymers, solvents lubricants and detergents.

Question 14

What’s an organic compound

Answer 14

Compounds containing carbon atoms

Question 15

Carbon atoms bind together to form different groups called what

Answer 15

Homologous series
Contains similar compounds that have the same general formula and many properties in common.
Eg alcohols and alkanes are homologous series

Question 16

What is cracking

Answer 16

Where long chained hydrocarbons are turned into smaller ones

Question 17

What are the products of cracking

Answer 17

Fuels and things like ethane wich is used for making plastics and paraffin

Question 18

How does cracking work

Answer 18

Cracking is a thermal decomposition reaction.

1. Heat long chain hydrocarbon to vaporise.
2. In catalytic cracking the vapour is passed over a hot powdered catalyst eg aluminium oxide. They split apart on the surface of the spects of catalyst.

In steam cracking the vapour can be mixed with steam and heated to a high temp. This also leads to thermal decomposition of the long chains

Question 19

What are most of the products of cracking

Answer 19

Unsaturated hydrocarbons called alkenes