Atoms, Elements, Compounds And Mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the radius of an atom

A

0.1 nanometers

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2
Q

How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom

A

About 1/10000 of the size

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3
Q

What is the releotive mass of an electron

A

Very small

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4
Q

What does an atom become when electrons are added or removed

A

Ion

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5
Q

What is a substance called that only contains one type of atom

A

Element

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6
Q

What does the atomic and mass nummber do

A

Atomic is proton nummber

Mass number is protons and neutrons

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7
Q

What are isotopes

A

Different forms of the same element with different nummber of neurons. So different mass nummber

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8
Q

What is the repetitive atomic mass of an element

A

An average mass talking into account the different masses of isotopes and how abundant each isotope is

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9
Q

What is the formula to calculate relative atomic mass

A

Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass nummber) / sum of abundance of all isotopes

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10
Q

How do metals and non metals react

A

Metal atom losses an electron to form positive ions and the non metal gains an electron to form negative ions. The opposing charges mean they are strongly attracted to each other. This is called ionic bonding.

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11
Q

What is a mixture

A

Made of separate substances wich are not chemically bonded together so can be separated by physical processes.

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12
Q

Name 5 ways to separate a mixture

A

Chromatography, filtration, evaporation, simple distillation, fractional distillation

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13
Q

Hiw does filtration work

A

Fold a piece of filter paper into a funnel and put it on a conical flask and put the liquid through

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14
Q

How does evaporation work

A

Port solution into evaporation dish and put it on a a tripod and gauze and place a bunsen burner underneath. As solution evaporated a solid will begin to form. Keep going until you have a dry solid

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15
Q

How does crystallization work

A

Heat solution gently over a bunsen burner. Some of the solvent will evaporate so you have a concentrated solution. Remove the dish from the heat and leave it to cool. Filter crystals from the solution and leave them in a warm place to dry

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16
Q

What is fractional distillation used for

A

Separating liquids with similar boiling points

17
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

Put liquid in conical flask and attach fractionating column
Put over a heat sourse at a low tempeeture, lowest BP will evaporate first and pass into the condenser and the pure liquid can be collected
Raise temp to evaporate the other liquids and collect separately keeping an eye onto the temperature

18
Q

why do atoms react

A

to complete their outer shell

19
Q

why dont noble gasses really react

A

they have complete outer shells