Organic chemistry test

Question 1

Aliphatic hydrocarbons ( in notes)

Answer 1

chains of carbons ex alkenes alkynes alkanes

Question 2

know general formulas

Answer 2

Alkane CnH2n + 2
alkene CnH2n
etc..

Question 3

diasterioisomer

Answer 3

compounds with the same chemical formula but are not mirror images of eachother due to multiple chiral carbons and therefore have diff properities

Question 4

homolytic fission
heterolyic fission

Answer 4

heterolytic fission is when a covalent bond breaks and both electrons go with one of the products

Question 5

free radical

Answer 5

free radicals are constructed during propagation stage of substitution and are atoms with an unpaired electron

Question 6

etec

Answer 6

.

Question 7

what is the difference between geometric and structural isomers

Answer 7

structural isomers have the same chemical formula but are bonded in different orders

geometric isomers are bonded in the same order but have a different orientation in space

Question 8

what is the elimination reaction

Answer 8

the removal of an organic halide (halogen) to make an alkene

Question 9

how do you turn an alcohol into a keytone and than turn that keytone back into an alcohol

Answer 9

seconadary alcohol is oxidized and then is a keytone, then do addition hydrogenation to convert the top oxygen back to an hydroxy group making an alcohol

Question 10

Rank the following in order of polarity and Boiling point from highest to lowers

hydrocarbons, aldehydes, keytones, amides ,carboxylic acids, alcohols

Answer 10

highest
amides
carboxylic acids
Alcohols
Keytones
aldehydes
hydrocarbons
lowest

Question 11

what are the two oxidizing agents soloman talked about and what colors do they shift from

Answer 11

Acidified potassium dichromate

orange to green

Acidified Potassium Manganate or potassium permanganate

purple—> pink

Question 12

which leaving halogen groups leave the fastest

Answer 12

Iodine leaves the fastest cuz of high atomic raidus
bromine
chlorine
Flourine is the slowest cuz the C-F bond is hardest to break due to higher electronegativity

Question 13

define steric hindrance

Answer 13

the 3 methyl groups on the outside of an SN1 Teritary halogenoalkane are bulky and therefore make it hard for nucleophile to attack the carbon

Question 14

how are free radicals different from ions

Answer 14

free radicals have one or more unpaired electron, but ions have paired electrons

Question 15

What does the strucutre of a polymer look like

Answer 15

the one that has the brackets and the N around it [x]n dont get it confused with a monomer

Question 16

PP
HPDE
V

Answer 16

polypropylene - ketchup
high density polyethylene - yogurt containers
vinyl cooking oil

Question 17

are plastics polymers?
and does that mean all polymers are plastics

Answer 17

All plastics are polymers, but not all polymers are plastic

Question 18

what is a polymer

Answer 18

A polymer is a long-chain molecule that is made up of many repeating units

Question 19

why does the first step of SN1 take the most energy and time

Answer 19

steric hindrance

Question 20

know all the nucleophiles

Answer 20

OH- CN- H20- NH3-

Question 21

what is a homologous series

Answer 21

a homologous series contains a compound with the same general formula and the same functional groups. but differ with an additional CH2 group