organic chemistry- summary of mechanisms and reaction pathways

Question 1

how do you go from a alkane to haloalkane?

Answer 1

halogen and UV radiation

Question 2

alkene to alkane?

Answer 2

H2 + nickel catalyst

Question 3

alcohol to alkene?

Answer 3

concentrated H2SO4

Question 4

alkene to alcohol?

Answer 4

steam + (phosphoric) acid catalyst

Question 5

alkene to haloalkane?

Answer 5

hydrogen halide

Question 6

haloalkane to alcohol?

Answer 6

aqueous NaOH under reflux

Question 7

alcohol to haloalkane?

Answer 7

sodium halide + H2SO4

Question 8

Describe free radical substitution?

Answer 8

mechanism involving free radicals as its reactive intermediate(usually halogen radical e.g bromination). It is a three step process (initiation, propagation, termination).

Question 9

Describe electrophilic addition?

Answer 9

addition reaction in which C=C is broken forming two new bonds. Addition of electrophile forms first bond causing a carbocation which forms a second bond with a negative ion. Electrophile is formed from induced dipole from C=C

Question 10

Describe nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 10

nucleophile (e.g OH-) displaces functional group