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Chemistry (personal) > Organic chemistry reactions > Flashcards

Organic chemistry reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane → Halogenoalkane

A

Reactants: Alkane, halogen

Products: Halogenoalkane

Conditions: UV light

Reaction: Electrophillic substitution

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2
Q

Alkene → Dihalogenoalkane

A

Reactants: Alkane, halogen

Products: Dihalogenoalkane

Conditions:

Reaction: Halogenation, electrophilic addition

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3
Q

Alkene → Alkane

A

Reactants: Alkene, hydrogen

Products: Alkane

Conditions: Heat, nickel catalyst

Reaction: Hydrogenation

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4
Q

Alkene → Alcohol

A

Reactants: Alkene, water

Products: Alcohol

Conditions: Heat, phosphoric acid catalyst

Reaction: Hydration, electrophilic addition

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5
Q

Alkene → Halogenoalkane

A

Reactants: Alkene, hydrogen halide

Products: Halogenoalkane

Conditions:

Reaction: Halogenation, electrophilic addition

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6
Q

Alkene → Diol

A

Reactants: Alkene, water

Products: Doil

Conditions: Potassium manganate VII (oxidising agent)

Reaction: Oxidation

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7
Q

Halogenoalkane → Alcohol

A

Reactants: Halogenoalkane, water

Products: Alcohol, hydrogen halide

Conditions: Warm

Reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

OR

Reactants: Halogenoalkane, potassium hydroxide

Products: Alcohol, potassium halide

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

Halogenoalkane → 1o amine

A

Reactants: Halogenoalkane, ammonia

Products: 1o amine, hydrogen halide

Conditions: Heat in a sealed tube

Reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

Halogenoalkane → Nitrile

A

Reactants: Halogenoalkane, potassium cyanide

Products: Nitrile, potassium halide

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

Halogenoalkane → Alkene

A

Reactants: Halogenoalkane, potassium hydroxide in ethanol

Products: Alkene, water, potassium halide

Conditions:

Reaction: Elimination

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11
Q

Primary alcohol → Chloroalkane

A

Reactants: 1º alcohol, PCl5

Products: Chloroalkane, POCl3, HCl

Conditions: Room temperature

Reaction: Chlorination

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12
Q

Tertiary alcohol → Chloroalkane

A

Reactants: 3º alcohol, conc. HCl

Products: Chloroalkane, water

Conditions: Room temperature

Reaction: Chlorination

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13
Q

Alcohol → Bromoalkane

A

Reactants: Alcohol, HBr (KBr and conc. H2SO4)

Products: Bromoalkane, water

Conditions:

Reaction: Bromination

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14
Q

Alcohol → Iodoalkane

A

Reactants: Alcohol, phosphorus (III) iodide (red phosphorus and iodine)

Products: Iodoalkane, H3PO3

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Iodination

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15
Q

Alcohol → Alkene

A

Reactants: Alcohol

Products: Alkene, water

Conditions: Phosphoric acid catalyst

Reaction: Dehydration, elimination

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16
Q

Primary alcohol → Aldehyde

A

Reactants: 1º alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate VI solution (oxidising agent)

Products: Aldehyde, water

Conditions: Distill

Reaction: Oxidation

17
Q

Primary alcohol → Carboxylic acid

A

Reactants: 1º Alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate VI solution (oxidising agent)

Products: Carboxylic acid, water

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Oxidation

18
Q

Secondary alcohol → Ketone

A

Reactants: 2º alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate VI solution

Products: Ketone, water

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Oxidation

19
Q

Carbonyl compound → Hydroxynitrile

A

Reactants: Carbonyl compound, hydrogen cyanide

Products: Hydroxynitrile

Conditions: Aqueous alkaline solution containing potassium cyanide

Reaction: Nucleophilic addition

20
Q

Carboxylic acid → Primary alcohol

A

Reactants: Carboxylic acid, reducing agent LiAlH4

Products: Primary alcohol, water

Conditions: Solvent is dry ether

Reaction: Reduction

21
Q

Carboxylic acid → Acyl chloride

A

Reactants: Carboxylic acid, PCl5

Products: Acyl chloride, POCl3, HCl

Conditions:

Reaction: Chlorination

22
Q

Carboxylic acid → Ester

A

Reactants: Carboxylic acid, alcohol

Products: Ester, water

Conditions: Acid catalyst (conc. H2SO4)

Reaction: Condensation, esterification

23
Q

Nitrile → Carboxylic acid

A

ACID

Reactants: Nitrile, water, HCl

Products: Carboxylic acid, ammonium chloride

ALKALINE

Reactants: Nitrile, water, NaOH

Products: Salt (eg. sodium ethanoate), NH2

React salt with HCl to form carboxylic acid

BOTH

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Hydrolysis

24
Q

Acyl chloride → Carboxylic acid

A

Reactants: Acyl chloride, water

Products: Carboxylic acid, HCl

Conditions:

Reaction: Condensation

25
Q

Acyl chloride → Ester

A

Reactants: Acyl chloride, alcohol

Products: Ester, HCl

Conditions: Room temperature

Reaction: Condensation

26
Q

Acyl chloride → Primary amide

A

Reactants: Acyl chloride, concentrated ammonia

Products: Amide, HCl

Conditions:

Reaction:

27
Q

Acyl chloride → N-substituted (secondary) amide

A

Reactants: Acyl chloride, primary amine

Products: N-substituted (secondary amide), HCl

Conditions:

Reaction:

28
Q

Ester → Carboxylic acid or Alcohol

A

ACIDIC

Reactants: Ester, water, moderately concentrated acid catalyst

Products: Carboxylic acid, alcohol

ALKALINE

Reactants: Ester, NaOH

Products: Salt, alcohol

React salt with HCl to form carboxylic acid

Reaction: Hydrolysis

29
Q

Benzene → Bromobenzene

A

Reactants: Benzene, bromine

Products: Bromobenzene, HBr

Conditions: FeBr3 or AlCl3 catayst

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

30
Q

Benzene → Nitrobenzene

A

Reactants: Benzene, nitric acid, conc. H2SO4

Products: Nitrobenzene, water

Conditions: 50oC

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

31
Q

Benzene → Alkyl benzene

A

Reactants: Benzene, halogenoalkane

Products: Eg. Methyl benzene, HCl

Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

32
Q

Benzene → Phenyl ketone

A

Reactants: Benzene, acyl chloride

Products: Phenyl ketone, HCl

Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

33
Q

Phenol → 2,4,6-tribromophenol

A

Reactants: Phenol, 3 bromine

Products: 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 3 HBr

Conditions: No catalyst

Reaction: Electrophilic substitution

34
Q

Nitrile → Amine

A

Reactants: eg. Ethanenitrile, LiAlH4

Products: 1o amine

Conditions: Mix in dry ether

Reaction: Reduction of a nitrile

35
Q

Nitrobenzene → Aromatic amine

A

Reactants: Nitrobenzene, tin metal mixed with conc. HCl (reducing agent)

Products: Phenyl amine, 2 water

Conditions: Heat under reflux

Reaction: Reduction of nitrobenzene

36
Q

Carboxylic acid → Amide

A

Reactants: Carboxylic acid, amine

Products: N-substituted amide, water

Conditions:

Reaction: Condensation

37
Q

Halogenoalkane → 2o amine

A

Reactants: Halogenoalkane, 1o amine

Products: 2o amine, HCl

Conditions:

Reaction: Condensation

Chemistry (personal) (15 decks)

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