Organic Chemistry Reaction Conditions For 1 And 2

Question 1

Hydrogenation of alkene

Answer 1

-H2
-150c
-Ni catalyst
-forms alkane

Question 2

Free radical substitution of alkane

Answer 2

-UV light
-Cl2
-forms a chloroalkane

Question 3

Elimination of Halogenoalkane

Answer 3

-NaOH in ethanol
-heated
-forms an alkene

Question 4

Halogenation of an alkene

Answer 4

-HCl
-rtp
-Halogenoalkane

Question 5

Forming an alcohol from a Halogenoalkane

Answer 5

-aqueous NaOH
-heat

Question 6

Forming a chloroalkane from an alcohol

Answer 6

-PCl5 in dry ether Equation

Question 7

Forming a Bromoalkane from an alcohol

Answer 7

-50% KBr
-50% H2SO4

Question 8

Forming an iodoalkane from an alcohol

Answer 8

-Red Phosphorus and Iodine

Question 9

Forming an alcohol from an alkene

Answer 9

-steam
-phosphoric acid catalyst
-300c

Question 10

Forming an alkene from an alcohol

Answer 10

-concentrated H3PO4 (or H2SO4)
-heat under reflux
-dehydration reaction

Question 11

Making a primary amide from a Halogenoalkane

Answer 11

-excess ammonia
-in ethanol
-heated in a sealed tube

Question 12

Forming a nitrile (CN) from a Halogenoalkane

Answer 12

-KCN
-in ethanol
-heated under reflux

Question 13

Forming an aldehyde from a primary alcohol

Answer 13

-K2Cr2O7
-in H2SO4
-distillation

Question 14

Forming a ketone from a secondary alcohol

Answer 14

-K2Cr2O7
-in H2SO4
-heat under reflux

Question 15

Forming a ketone from a secondary alcohol

Answer 15

-K2Cr2O7
-in H2SO4
-heat under reflux

Question 16

Forming a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol

Answer 16

-K2Cr2O7
-in H2SO4
-heated under reflux

Question 17

Forming an alcohol from a carbonyl

Answer 17

-LiAlH4 in dry ether Equation

Question 18

Forming a carboxylic acid from a nitrile

Answer 18

-aqueous HCl

Question 19

Forming a carboxylic acid from a nitrile

Answer 19

-aqueous HCl

Question 20

Forming an amine from a nitrile

Answer 20

-LiAlH4 in dry ether
-or H2, Ni catalyst and 150c

Question 21

Forming a hydroxynitrile from a carbonyl

Answer 21

-HCN in KCN
-with an aqueous or acid work up

Question 22

Forming a hydroxynitrile from a carbonyl

Answer 22

-HCN in KCN
-with an aqueous or acid work up

Question 23

Removing a carbon using a test for something?

Answer 23

The iodoform test is used to remove a carbon (as it forms CH3I)
-I2 in NaOH

Question 24

Forming a carboxylic acid from a carboxylate salt

Answer 24

-any aqueous acid

Question 25

Forming an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid

Answer 25

-PCl5 in anhydrous conditions (in dry ether) -or SOCl2 on its own

Question 26

Forming a primary amide from an acyl chloride

Answer 26

-add excess ammonia and rtp

Question 27

Forming an ester from a carboxylic acid

Answer 27

-add an alcohol -heat -acid catalyst

Question 28

How is a gringard reagent made

Answer 28

React a bromoalkane with mg in dry ether (mg sneaks in between carbon and bromine)

Question 29

Products of gringard reacting with CO2 and carbonyl

Answer 29

Reacts with carbonyls to from alcohols and reacts with CO2 to form carboxylic acid NB need to add dilute HCl to protonate the intermediate