Organic Chemistry Reaction Flashcards
Alkane Reactions ×2
- Combustion
2. Halogenation
Alkane Combustion
CO2+H2O
Alkane Halogenation
3 Steps
R + X2 ~> R-X + HX
Chain Initiation
Chain Propagation
Chain Termination
Alkenes Reaction ×7
- Hydrogenation
- Halogenatiom
- Hydrohalogenation
All are Addition Reactions - Catalytic Hydration
- Oxidation
Still Addition - Addition Polymerization
- Combustion
Alkene Hydrogenation
+ H2 ~> Alkane
Catalyst Ni Pd Pt
Alkene Halogenation
+ X2 ~> Dihaloalkane
No Catalyst
Alkene Halohydrogenation
+ HX ~> Haloalkane
No Catalyst
Makovnikovs Rule
H sticks with more H
Alkene Catalytic Hydration
+ H2O ~> Alcohol
Catalyst: Phosphoric Acid/ High Temp
H2O
H to Double Bond + OH to Hydroxyl
Alkene Oxidation
+ O from KMnO4 + H2O
~> Diol
Cr2O7 too weak No Reaction H2O + O 2H 2O 2OH
Alkene Polymerization
Monomer to Polymer
Topic 5.4
Alkene Combustion
CO2 H2O
A Waste to Use Alkenes as Fuel
Haloalkane Reaction ×1
Substitution
Haloalkane Substitution
RX + OH
~> Alcohol + X
Alcohol Reactions ×5
- Substitution
- Dehydration
- Oxidation
- Esterification
- Reaction with Reactive Metals
Alcohol Substitution
Two Ways
Preparation of HBr
+ HX
~> Haloalkanes + H2O
Or
+PX3
~> Haloalkane + H3PO3
3OH +P to H3PO3
No Catalyst
Preparation:
KBr + H3PO4 ~> HBr + KH2PO4
Alcohol Dehydration
Two Ways
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Major Minor
+H2SO4 As Catalyst
+Al2O3 or Pumice stone with Heat As Catalyst
Primary: Alkene +H2O
Secondary: 2 Types of Alkenes +H2O
Tertiary: 2 Types of Alkenes +H2O
Major ~ More R groups connecting the C=C double bond C atom
Alcohol Oxidation
Primary Secondary Tertiary
+ K2Cr2O7/H+
Primary: ~> Aldehyde + H2O ~> Carboxylic Acid
Secondary: ~> Ketones +H2O
Tertiary: No Reaction
Alcohol 2H + Oxidation O ~> H2O + Aldehyde
Alcohol Esterification
+ Carboxylic Acid
~> Ester + H2O
Catalyst: H2SO4
Alcohol Reaction with Metals
Only K, Na
2ROH + 2Metal ~> 2RO Metal + H2
Aldehyde Reactions ×2
- Oxidation
2. Reduction
Ketones Reactions
- Reduction
No Oxidation!!
Aldehyde Oxidation
+ Cr2O7/H+
~> Carboxylic Acid
+ O, COH to COOH
Aldehyde Reduction
~> Primary Alcohol
Agents: LiAlH4 or NaBH4
(Stronger) (Milder)
LiAlH4 reacts with water
NaBH4 does not
LiAlH4 stores in parrafin oil
Steps LiAlH4:
- LiAlH4/dry ether
- H+
Steps NaBH4
1. NaBH4, H2O
Notes:
H from agent compensate the lost C=C
H from H+ goes to OH
Ketones Reduction
~> Secondary Alcohol
Agents: LiAlH4 or NaBH4
(Stronger) (Milder)
LiAlH4 reacts with water
NaBH4 does not
LiAlH4 stores in parrafin oil
Steps LiAlH4:
- LiAlH4/dry ether
- H+
Steps NaBH4
1. NaBH4, H2O
Notes:
H from agent compensate the lost C=C
H from H+ goes to OH
