Organic Chemistry Reaction

Question 1

Alkane Reactions ×2

Answer 1

1. Combustion

2. Halogenation

Question 2

Alkane Combustion

Answer 2

CO2+H2O

Question 3

Alkane Halogenation

3 Steps

Answer 3

R + X2 ~> R-X + HX

Chain Initiation
Chain Propagation
Chain Termination

Question 4

Alkenes Reaction ×7

Answer 4

1. Hydrogenation
2. Halogenatiom
3. Hydrohalogenation
   All are Addition Reactions
4. Catalytic Hydration
5. Oxidation
   Still Addition
6. Addition Polymerization
7. Combustion

Question 5

Alkene Hydrogenation

Answer 5

+ H2 ~> Alkane

Catalyst Ni Pd Pt

Question 6

Alkene Halogenation

Answer 6

+ X2 ~> Dihaloalkane

No Catalyst

Question 7

Alkene Halohydrogenation

Answer 7

+ HX ~> Haloalkane
No Catalyst
Makovnikovs Rule
H sticks with more H

Question 8

Alkene Catalytic Hydration

Answer 8

+ H2O ~> Alcohol

Catalyst: Phosphoric Acid/ High Temp

H2O
H to Double Bond + OH to Hydroxyl

Question 9

Alkene Oxidation

Answer 9

+ O from KMnO4 + H2O
~> Diol

Cr2O7 too weak
 No Reaction
H2O + O
2H 2O
2OH

Question 10

Alkene Polymerization

Answer 10

Monomer to Polymer

Topic 5.4

Question 11

Alkene Combustion

Answer 11

CO2 H2O

A Waste to Use Alkenes as Fuel

Question 12

Haloalkane Reaction ×1

Answer 12

Substitution

Question 13

Haloalkane Substitution

Answer 13

RX + OH

~> Alcohol + X

Question 14

Alcohol Reactions ×5

Answer 14

1. Substitution
2. Dehydration
3. Oxidation
4. Esterification
5. Reaction with Reactive Metals

Question 15

Alcohol Substitution
Two Ways
Preparation of HBr

Answer 15

+ HX
~> Haloalkanes + H2O

Or

+PX3
~> Haloalkane + H3PO3
3OH +P to H3PO3

No Catalyst

Preparation:
KBr + H3PO4 ~> HBr + KH2PO4

Question 16

Alcohol Dehydration
Two Ways
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Major Minor

Answer 16

+H2SO4 As Catalyst

+Al2O3 or Pumice stone with Heat As Catalyst

Primary: Alkene +H2O
Secondary: 2 Types of Alkenes +H2O
Tertiary: 2 Types of Alkenes +H2O

Major ~ More R groups connecting the C=C double bond C atom

Question 17

Alcohol Oxidation

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Answer 17

+ K2Cr2O7/H+

Primary: ~> Aldehyde + H2O ~> Carboxylic Acid
Secondary: ~> Ketones +H2O
Tertiary: No Reaction

Alcohol 2H + Oxidation O ~> H2O + Aldehyde

Question 18

Alcohol Esterification

Answer 18

+ Carboxylic Acid
~> Ester + H2O

Catalyst: H2SO4

Question 19

Alcohol Reaction with Metals

Answer 19

Only K, Na

2ROH + 2Metal ~> 2RO Metal + H2

Question 20

Aldehyde Reactions ×2

Answer 20

1. Oxidation

2. Reduction

Question 21

Ketones Reactions

Answer 21

1. Reduction

No Oxidation!!

Question 22

Aldehyde Oxidation

Answer 22

+ Cr2O7/H+
~> Carboxylic Acid

+ O, COH to COOH

Question 23

Aldehyde Reduction

Answer 23

~> Primary Alcohol

Agents: LiAlH4 or NaBH4
(Stronger) (Milder)

LiAlH4 reacts with water
NaBH4 does not

LiAlH4 stores in parrafin oil

Steps LiAlH4:

1. LiAlH4/dry ether
2. H+

Steps NaBH4
1. NaBH4, H2O

Notes:
H from agent compensate the lost C=C
H from H+ goes to OH

Question 24

Ketones Reduction

Answer 24

~> Secondary Alcohol

Agents: LiAlH4 or NaBH4
(Stronger) (Milder)

LiAlH4 reacts with water
NaBH4 does not

LiAlH4 stores in parrafin oil

Steps LiAlH4:

1. LiAlH4/dry ether
2. H+

Steps NaBH4
1. NaBH4, H2O

Notes:
H from agent compensate the lost C=C
H from H+ goes to OH