Organic chemistry part one Flashcards
Crude oil is a …. Resource
finite
What is crude oil made of
Plankton that was buried in the mud, crude oil is the remainder ancient biomass
These make up the majority of the compounds in crude oil
Hydrocarbons
Most of these hydrocarbons are called…
Alkanes
What is the general formula for alkanes
Cn H2n+2
Alkanes to Alkenes
Long chain alkanes are cracked into short chain alkenes
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons with the double bond some are formed during the cracking process
Properties of alkenes
More reactive alkanes and reactive bromine water
Bromine water changes from Orange to colourless in the presence of alkanes
What is cracking
The breakdown of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller chains
Why is cracking useful
The smaller chains are more useful
What are the two different types cracking
catalytic
steam
catalytic cracking
The heavy fraction is heated until vaporised
After vaporisation the vapour is passed over a hot catalyst forming smaller and more useful hydrocarbons
Steam cracking
The heavy fraction is heated until vaporised
After vaporisation the vapours mixed steam and heated to a very high temperature forming smaller and more useful hydrocarbons
The hydrocarbons in crude oil comes split into
Fractions
Fractions
Each fraction contain small molecules in a similar number of carbon atoms in them the process used to do this called fractional distillation
Using fractions
can be processed to produce fuels and feedstock the petrochemical industry
Name some useful materials made by the petrochemical industry
Solvents , lubricants and polymers
Hydrocarbon changing crude oil come in lots of different
Lengths
The boiling point of the chain depend on its
Length
Combustion
During the complete combustion of hydrocarbons the carbon and hydrogen fuel oxidised releasing carbon dioxide and water and energy
Boiling point
As the hydrocarbon chain length increases boiling point increases
What is viscosity
How easily it flows
Viscosity
As a hydrocarbon chain length increases viscosity also increases
Flammability
As the hydrocarbon chain length increases, flammability Decreases
Alkenes and uses as polymers
Used to produce polymers they are also used in starting materials and many other chemicals such as alcohol plastics and detergents
Why do we crack long chains
Without cracking many other long hydrocarbons will be wasted and there is not much demand for these as for the shorter chains
370°C
Fuel oil
200°C
kerosene
150°C
Petrol
20°C
Butane
propane
400°C
Lubricating oil
Paraffin wax
Asphalt