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Chemistry - a level > Organic chemistry notes > Flashcards

Organic chemistry notes Flashcards

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1
Q

alkanes general formula, ending

A

CnH2n+2
-ane

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2
Q

alkene general formula, ending

A

CnH2n
-ene

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3
Q

alcohol general formula, ending

A

CnH2n+1OH
-ol

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4
Q

carboxylic acid general formula, ending

A

COOH
-oic acid

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5
Q

cycloalkane ending

A

cyclo- -ane

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6
Q

halogenoalkanes ending

A

fluro-/ chloro-/ bromo-/ iodo-

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7
Q

branched alkane ending

A

alkyl-

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8
Q

aldehydes ending

A

-al

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9
Q

ketone ending

A

-one

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10
Q

what is the homologous series

A

group of compounds with same functional group and general formula

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11
Q

skeletal formula

A

shows the bonds of C skeleton only
hydrogen and carbon atoms are not known
functional groups known

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12
Q

structural formula

A

arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all bonds

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13
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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14
Q

molecular formula

A

actual number of atoms in a molecule or element

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15
Q

displayed formula

A

showing all bonds and atoms in a molecule

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16
Q

what is IUPAC

A

molecules named according to this

17
Q

How to do nomenclature

A
  1. find longest continuous chain of C
  2. find functional group - gives the end of the name
  3. number C chains so functional group sits on lowest possible number of carbon
  4. note C number attracted to functional group - place the number before the suffix
  5. any side chains (functional groups) written as prefixes in alphabetical order
  6. if more than 1 identical functional group/side chain put number in words
18
Q

what does the curly arrow show in mechanisms

A

the movement of electrons

19
Q

what does the end of curly arrow in mechanisms show

A

the end is where you move the electrons to/ for motion of a new bond

20
Q

what do free radicals not need

A

curly arrow

21
Q

what is a chemical mechanism

A

it shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

22
Q

what do structural isomers have

A

same molecular formula but different structural formula

23
Q

what are the three different types of structural isomers

A
  1. chain
  2. positional
  3. functional group
24
Q

describe the chain structural isomer

A

same molecular formula but different arrangement of the C skeleton

25
Q

describe the positional structural isomer

A

same molecular formula
different position of functional group on C skeleton

26
Q

describe the functional group structural isomer

A

same molecular formula
different functional group

Chemistry - a level (14 decks)

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