organic chemistry (hydrocarbons and stuff)

Question 1

organic compounds (1)

Answer 1

all organic compounds have carbon (generally)

Question 2

chemistry of carbon (5)

Answer 2

• 4 valence elecs
• forms 4 bonds
• forms covalent bonds
• can bond w itself or other elements
• forms chains, spheres, tubes or rings of molecules

Question 3

hydrocarbons (2)

Answer 3

type of organic compound that has hydrogen and carbon only

Question 4

types of hydrocarbons (2)

Answer 4

• aliphatic hydrocarbons

- aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 5

aliphatic hydrocarbons (1)

Answer 5

have straight chain structures

Question 6

types of aliphatic hydrocarbons (3)

Answer 6

• alkanes
• alkenes
• alkynes

Question 7

alkanes (4)

Answer 7

• saturated organic compounds
• contain single bonds
• straight chains (standard) or branched chains
• general formula: C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 8

alkyls (1)

Answer 8

-alkanes bonded to alkanes

dont confuse w alkynes which we dont need to know

Question 9

prefix for 1 carbon

Answer 9

meth-

Question 10

prefix for 2 carbons

Answer 10

eth-

Question 11

prefix for 3 carbons

Answer 11

prop-

Question 12

prefix for 4 carbons

Answer 12

but-

Question 13

prefix for 5-10 carbons (6)

Answer 13

pent-; hex-; hept-; oct-; non-; dec-

Question 14

naming hydrocarbons (4 ish)

Answer 14

[no./s showing position of thing]-[no of things][name of thing]-“ “[suffix indicating functional group]
numbers seperated by commas ,,,
numbers and letters seperated by dash —
dont seperate letters unless ester of carboxylic acid

Question 15

saturated hydrocarbons (1)

Answer 15

only contain single C-C bonds

Question 16

unsaturated hydrocarbons (1)

Answer 16

have at least 1 double C-C [C=C] or triple C-C bond

Question 17

alkenes (4)

Answer 17

• unsaturated hydrocarbons
• general formula: C(n)H(2n)
• will always start w CH(2)=CH {however ethene is just CH2=CH2}
• methene does not exist

Question 18

haloalkanes (1)

Answer 18

when 1 or more hydrogen atom in an alkane is replaced w a halogen (grp 17)

Question 19

carboxylic acids (3)

Answer 19

• mainly found in fruits
• general formula: C(n)H(2n)O(2)
• names of base end in “-anoic acid” using prefix based on no. of total carbons

Question 20

alcohols (2)

Answer 20

• homologous series that contains hydroxyl group (OH)

- general formula C(n)H(2n+1)OH

Question 21

primary alcohol (1)

Answer 21

C bonded to OH is only bonded to 1 other C

Question 22

secondary alcohol (1)

Answer 22

C bonded to OH is bonded to 2 other C

Question 23

tertiary alcohol (1)

Answer 23

C bonded to OH is bonded to 3 other C

only possible w alkyl

Question 24

homologous series (6)

Answer 24

alkanes
alkenes
alcohol
carboxylic acids
haloalkanes
alkenes

Question 25

cycloalkanes (1)

Answer 25

goes in a curcle :)

Question 26

condensed formula for alkyl (1)

Answer 26

molecule connected to alkyl[rest of branch]

Question 27

functional group (1)

Answer 27

an atom or group of atom that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule

Question 28

homologous series definition (2)

Answer 28

a series of similar compounds which
have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

Question 29

alkane functional group (2)

Answer 29

saturated hydrocarbon
l
-C-
l

Question 30

alkene functional group (2)

Answer 30

double carbon-carbon bond
\ /
C=C
/ \

Question 31

haloalkane functional group (2)

Answer 31

halogen atom bonded to carbon atom

-X (where x is halogen)

Question 32

alcohol functional group (2)

Answer 32

hydroxyl group

-O-H

Question 33

carboxylic acid functional group (2)

Answer 33

carboxyl group
O
//
-C-O-H

Question 34

ester functional group (2)

Answer 34

ester group
O
//
-C-O

Question 35

dienes (2)

Answer 35

2 C=C bonds
the numeral position of diene affect numeral position of full name
add “-a” to name of prefix for dienes (eg “buta-“)

Question 36

diols and triols

Answer 36

have 2 or 3 OH
the numeral position of ol affect numeral position of full name
keep “-e” on suffix for diols (eg pentane-1,2-diol)

Question 37

condensed formula (2)

Answer 37

the way in which atoms are bonded but not all bond lines are shown, i think its basically just structural but with CH2 for example

Question 38

structural isomer definition (1)

Answer 38

compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 39

types of structural isomers (3)

Answer 39

• chain isomer
• positional isomers
• functional isomers

Question 40

chain isomer (1)

Answer 40

same molec form but different type of chain structure, i.e. branching w alkyls

Question 41

positional isomer (1)

Answer 41

same molec formula but different positions of the same functional group on the parent chain

Question 42

functional isomers (1)

Answer 42

same molecular formula but different functional groups (basically just carboxylic acids and esters w same amount on carbons)