electronegativity and molecular geometry Flashcards
electronegativity definition (2)
measure of the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons pairs in a covalent bond
(higher EN means greater force of attraction)
electronegativity in types of elements (2)
metals generally have lower EN
non-metals generally have higher EN
non-polar bonds (1)
have equal EN, diatomic molecules r all non-polar
noble gases (1)
do not form bonds so EN is not applicable
polar bonds (2)
unequal EN, lower EN side is partially positive (δ+), higher EN side is partially negative (δ-)
ionic bonds (2)
a transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
EN > 1,9
ionic vs covalent substances (2)
ionic substances separate into mobile ions in water solution and can conduct electricity
covalent substances cant conduct electricity cos they dont split into ions
shapes of molecules (8)
-linear
-also linear but with more than 2
-trigonal (planar)
-bent/angular
-tetrahedral
-trigonal pyramidal
trigonal bipyramidal
-octahedral
VSEPR theory (2)
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
theory that lone pairs and bonding pairs will repel eachother so that theyre as far away from eachother as possible
linear shapes (2)
180 degreez between bond
look like this 0-0
or 0-X-0
bent shapes (2)
two lone pairs and two bonding pairs .. \: X-0 l 0
trigonal planar (2)
3 bonding pairs
0-X-0
l
0
trigonal pyramidal (2)
1 lone pair and 3 bonding pairs
. .
0-X-0
l
0tetrahedral (2)
4 terminal atoms
0
l
0-X-0
l
0trigonal bipyramidal (2)
5 terminal atoms
its basically just PCl5
