Organic Chemistry: Haloalkanes Flashcards
1
Q
what is the reaction of haloalkanes?
A
nucleophilic substitution
2
Q
what types of haloalkanes can undergo nucleophilic substitutions?
A
primary haloalkanes
3
Q
what is a nucleophile?
A
an electron pair donor to form a new covalent bond
4
Q
what is the rate of hydrolysis trend of haloalkanes?
A
increases because the carbon-halogen bond enthalpies decreases as you go down group 7
5
Q
what is the method of hydrolysis of haloalkanes?
A
- set up 3 test tubes and in each test tube add 1cm3 of ethanol and 2 drops of either 1-chloro/bromo/iodobutanes
- stand these test tubes in a 60 water bath
- add a test tube containing silver nitrate solution to the water bath and allow all test tubes to reach a constant temperature
- add 1cm3 of silver nitrate to each test tube
6
Q
what type of reactions do haloalkanes undergo?
A
- substitution reaction
- nucleophilic substitution
7
Q
why does the rate of hydrolysis decrease down the halogens?
A
- 1-chlorobutane reacts slowest = C-Cl bond is the strongest
- 1-iodobutane reacts fastest = C-I bond is weakest
8
Q
what does the rate of hydrolysis depend on?
A
- strength of the carbon-halogen bond
9
Q
what is the general equation for the hydrolysis of haloalkanes?
A
- CH3CH2CH2CH2X+H2O –> CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + H+ + X-
- Ag+(aq) + X-(aq) –> AgX(s)
