Organic chemistry - fuels

Question 1

Aliphatic

Answer 1

Compounds consist of open chains of carbon atoms as well as closed chains(rings) but do not contain a benzene ring

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

A group of compounds that have the same functional group and each successive member differs by a CH2

Question 3

Functional group

Answer 3

A group of atoms on which the characteristics of a homologous series depend

Question 4

Saturated

Answer 4

Compounds contain all Carbon Carbon single bonds

Question 5

Unsaturated

Answer 5

Compounds contain at least one carbon carbon double or triple bond

Question 6

Isomers

Answer 6

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 7

Chloroalkanes

Answer 7

Compounds which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in an alkane molecule have been replaced by a chlorine atom

Question 8

Fractional distillation

Answer 8

Heating the crude oil in a furnace and separating the various mixtures on the basis of their boiling points

Question 9

Octane number

Answer 9

A measure of the tendency of the fuel to resist knocking

Question 10

Isomerisation

Answer 10

Changing straight chained alkanes into branch chained isomers, done by heating the alkane in the presence of a suitable catalyst

Question 11

Catalytic cracking

Answer 11

Long chained hydrocarbons are split into short chained hydrocarbons which are in greater demand, done by heating them in the presence of a suitable catalyst

Question 12

Reforming

Answer 12

The use of catalysts to form ring compounds such as benzene or cycloalkanes

Question 13

Adding oxygenates - name the three

Answer 13

Methanol, ethanol, MTBE

Increase the octane number and provide cleaner fuels for the environment

Question 14

Aromatic

Answer 14

Compounds contain a special structure of a six membered carbon atoms known as a benzene ring