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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry - C9 - C11 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry - C9 - C11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does organic chemistry means

A

The chemistry of carbon

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2
Q

How is crude oil formed

A

It is formed by the anaerobic decay of sea creatures over million of years

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3
Q

what does crude oil contain

A

It is a mixture of different hydrocarbons

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4
Q

What is an alkane

A

It is a saturated hydrocarbon found in crude oil

The generic formula for it is Cn H 2n+2

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5
Q

Explain how fractional distillation works

A

The different alkanes are separated based on their different boiling points

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6
Q 
How does the size of the hydrocarbon affect the properties of it
Boiling point
Volatility
Viscosity
Flamable
A 
The bigger the hydrocarbon
The higher the boiling point
The lower the volatility
The higher the viscosity
The less flamable
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7
Q

What does volatility mean

A

The tendency to turn into a gas

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8
Q

What does viscosity mean

A

How easily it flows

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9
Q

How does cracking work

A

The longer carbon chains are cracked to produce shorter chains and an alkene
It works by vapourising the long chains and then passing them over a hot catalyst

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10
Q

What is the difference beween an alkane and an alkene

A

An alkane is a saturated hydorcarbon whereas an alkene is unsaturated and contains a double carbon bond.

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11
Q

What is a test to see if something is an alkene

A

react bromine water with the alkene and the bromine water will decolourise

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12
Q

What is an alkene

A

It is an unstaturated hydrocarbon produced from cracking

Its generic formula is Cn H2n

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13
Q

Reactions with alkenes

A

Combustion = carbon dioxide and water
Hydrogenation = alkane
Hydration = alcohol
Addition reactions are possible

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14
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols

A
  • OH

methanol = CH3 OH

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15
Q

What methods are there to making an alcohol

A

fermentation

alkene + steam

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16
Q

What uses are there for an alcohol

A

Drinks
solvents
fuels

17
Q

Reactions with alcohols

A

Gently oxidised = carboxylic acid

Alcohol + acid = ester + water

18
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids

A
  • COOH

methanoic acid = HCOOH

19
Q

What type of acid is carboxylic acid

Why?

A

A weak acid as it partially ionises in water

20
Q

Reactions with carboxylic acids

A 
Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
Acid + alkali = salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide
All salts end in -anoate
Acid + alcohol = ester + water
21
Q

What is the functional group of an ester

A
  • COO
    Alcohols take the first word
    Acid takes the second
22
Q

What is a polymer

A

It is a chain of monomers bonded together

23
Q

What is addition polymerisation

A

It is when alkene monomers react together to form a polymer chain

24
Q

What is condensation polyerisation

A

It is when an acid and an alcohol with two functional groups react together forming a polyester and small molecules like water

25
Q

What are proteins made from

A

Monomers called amino acids

26
Q

What are polysaccharides made from

A

condensation polymerisation

27
Q

What is starch made from

A

Glucose

28
Q

Describe a monomer of DNA

A

It is called a Nucleotide

It is a sugar deoxyribose bonded to a phosphate group and a base

29
Q

What are the 4 types of bases of DNA

A

Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine

30
Q

What shape is DNA

A

Two polymer strands interwined into a double helix

Chemistry (12 decks)

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